1/47. Infantile hiv encephalopathy associated with cerebral and cerebellar telangiectases.We describe a paediatric case of hiv encephalopathy associated with cerebral and cerebellar telangiectases. Although immunohistochemistry failed to show hiv in the walls of dilated blood vessels, or in their vicinity, brain capillary telangiectases might be an additional complication indirectly related to paediatric hiv infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/47. hiv infection and seizures.New-onset seizures are frequent manifestations of central nervous system disorders in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). seizures are more common in advanced stages of the disease, although they may occur early in the course of illness. In the majority of patients, seizures are of the generalised type. status epilepticus is also frequent. Associated metabolic abnormalities increase the risk for status epilepticus. Cerebral mass lesions, cryptococcal meningitis, and hiv-encephalopathy are common causes of seizures. phenytoin is the most commonly prescribed anticonvulsant in this situation, although several patients may experience hypersensitivity reactions. The prognosis of seizure disorders in hiv-infected patients depends upon the underlying cause.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.61051323322446keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/47. MRI in human immunodeficiency virus-associated cerebral vasculitis.Cerebral ischaemia caused by inflammatory vasculopathies has been described as complication of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. Imaging studies have shown ischaemic lesions and changes of the vascular lumen, but did not allow demonstration of abnormalities within the vessel wall itself. Two hiv-infected men presented with symptoms of a transient ischaemic attack. Initial MRI of the first showed no infarct; in the second two small lacunar lesions were detected. In both cases, multiplanar 3-mm slice contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images showed aneurysmal dilatation, with thickening and contrast enhancement of the wall of the internal carotid and middle cerebral (MCA) arteries. These findings were interpreted as indicating cerebral vasculitis. In the first patient the vasculopathy progressed to carotid artery occlusion, and he developed an infarct in the MCA territory, but then remained neurologically stable. In the second patient varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection was the probable cause of vasculitis. The clinical deficits and vasculitic MRI changes regressed with antiviral and immunosuppressive therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/47. Intracerebral aneurysms in human immunodeficiency virus infection: case report and literature review.We describe a child with human immunodeficiency virus infection who presented with a large subarachnoid hemorrhage. She had multiple saccular and fusiform aneurysms in the proximal cerebral arterial circulation and no evidence of bacterial or fungal infection. The arteriopathy coincided with a high human immunodeficiency virus rna load. Human immunodeficiency virus may cause cerebral arteriopathy with potentially life-threatening complications.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/47. Regression of hiv-associated progressive encephalopathy of childhood during HAART.hiv-associated progressive encephalopathy of childhood is characterized by impaired brain growth, decline in cognitive and neurobehavioral performances, and progressive motoric dysfunction The diagnosis is based on neurological examination, neuropsychological assessment and cerebral CT or MR imaging. While the importance of early use of antiretroviral combination therapy has been emphasized, limited data exist as to the effect of protease inhibitors in children with hiv-associated encephalopathy. We describe the effect of 3-drug antiretroviral combination therapy, including the protease inhibitor nelfinavir, in a 7-y-old girl with vertically acquired hiv infection and late onset progressive encephalopathy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/47. Localization of retrovirus in the central nervous system of a patient co-infected with HTLV-1 and hiv with HAM/TSP and hiv-associated dementia.persons co-infected with HTLV-1 and hiv are at increased risk for neurologic disease. These patients may develop HAM/TSP and/or hiv-associated dementia. In this study, we localized cells infected with retrovirus in the central nervous system (CNS) of a patient with both HAM/TSP and hiv-associated dementia. HTLV-1 was localized to astrocytes and hiv to macrophage/microglia. There was no co-infection of a single cell phenotype in this patient. These data suggest that mechanisms other than co-infection of the same CNS cell may play a role in the development of neurologic disease in patients dual infected with HTLV-1 and hiv.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.0525661661223keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/47. acceleration of hiv dementia with methamphetamine and cocaine.We report a patient with rapidly accelerating hiv dementia accompanied by seizures and an unusual movement disorder despite highly potent antiretroviral therapy. This clinical constellation was associated with the non-parenteral use of methamphetamine and cocaine. Fractional enhancement time on post contrast magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed a progressive breakdown of the blood brain barrier particularly in the basal ganglia. The movement disorder but not the dementia responded to a combination of dopamine replacement and anticholinergic therapy. While the movement disorder may have been unmasked by concomitant anticonvulsant therapy, we suggest in this instance, that prior drug abuse synergized with hiv to cause a domino effect on cerebral function. Careful attention and analysis to histories of remote non-injecting drug abuse may help substantiate our hypothesis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/47. central nervous system adverse effects with efavirenz: case report and review.Efavirenz is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that can be given with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. A 47-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome developed severe depression and suicidal ideation necessitating psychiatric hospitalization and antidepressant therapy. The symptoms occurred in temporal relation to the introduction of efavirenz into his highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen. Similar serious psychiatric adverse effects have been associated with this agent. Clinicians should monitor for central nervous system adverse effects in all patients taking efavirenz.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.1448795540625keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/47. glioblastoma multiforme of the brain stem in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.glioblastoma of the brain stem is rare and there is no description of such a lesion in patients suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The majority of intracerebral mass lesions are due either to toxoplasmosis or primary central nervous system lymphomas so that it is usually not included in the differential diagnosis of enhancing lesions of the central nervous system in these patients. A 31-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected man presented with a four months history of slowly progressive deterioration of brainstem associated symptoms despite antitoxoplasmic therapy. magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large ring enhancing lesion in the brainstem. Clinical and neuroradiological data could not establish a proper diagnosis and a stereotactic serial biopsy was undertaken. Histological examination of the specimen showed a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) as the first reported case of GBM located in the brainstem in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient. Patient management and effectiveness of stereotactic serial biopsy are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 54.617224065136keywords = toxoplasmosis, central nervous system, cerebral, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/47. Clinics in diagnostic imaging (75). hiv encephalopathy and cerebral aneurysmal arteriopathy.A six-year-old girl with vertically-transmitted hiv infection had hyperreflexia. MR imaging showed diffuse prominence of the subarachnoid spaces and ventricles caused by hiv encephalopathy. Fusiform dilatation of the supraclinoid segment of the right internal carotid artery was also noted. MR angiography confirmed cerebral aneurysmal arteriopathy. Imaging findings of the various cerebral manifestations and complications found in children with AIDS coming from the primary effects of hiv, opportunistic infections, tumours, and vascular disease are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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