1/164. Resolution of microsporidial sinusitis and keratoconjunctivitis by itraconazole treatment.PURPOSE: To report successful treatment of ocular infection caused by the microsporidium encephalitozoon cuniculi in a person with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and nasal and paranasal sinus infection. METHOD: Case report. RESULTS: Microsporidial infection in a person with AIDS and with chronic sinusitis and keratoconjunctivitis was diagnosed by Weber modified trichrome stain and transmission electron microscopy. Symptoms completely resolved with itraconazole treatment (200 mg/day for 8 weeks) after albendazole therapy (400 mg/day for 6 weeks) was unsuccessful. CONCLUSION: itraconazole can be recommended in ocular, nasal, and paranasal sinus infection caused by E. cuniculi parasites when treatment with albendazole fails.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ocular (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/164. MR imaging of intraventricular silicone: case report.A 42-year-old man with human immunodeficiency viral infection developed cytomegaloviral retinitis that was complicated by retinal detachment and was treated with an intravitreous injection of silicone. Fifteen months later, magnetic resonance imaging revealed intraocular and intraventricular silicone. Signal intensity characteristics and chemical shifts of silicone in the two locations were identical.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = ocular (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/164. Acute varicella zoster with postherpetic hyperhidrosis as the initial presentation of HIV infection.A 31-year-old man presented with acute pain in his left arm and hemorrhagic vesicles that followed his left 8th cervical nerve. A diagnosis of herpes zoster was made, and the patient was treated with valacyclovir. He refused testing for antibodies to HIV because he denied being at risk. Two months later he returned with postherpetic neuralgia and postherpetic hyperhidrosis in the distribution of the vesicles, which had since resolved. serology for HIV at this visit was positive, and the patient admitted to having sexual relations with prostitutes. Six months later the patient was being treated with triple antiretroviral therapy, and all signs and symptoms of postherpetic zoster had resolved. This case report documents the need for HIV testing in patients with unusual presentations of herpes zoster even if they initially deny being at risk.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 98.951781007305keywords = herpes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/164. central serous chorioretinopathy and HIV.BACKGROUND: patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) have sudden-onset, painless, uniocular blur that is typically diagnosed via fundus and fluorescein angiographic appearance. The etiology and pathophysiology are not fully understood; however, there may be an association with an infectious etiology. This article presents two cases of HIV-positive patients in whom central serous chorioretinopathy developed and discusses the possible relationship between the two cases. The differential diagnosis, clinical features, angiographic appearance, management options, and proposed etiologies of CSC will be presented. case reports: A 34-year-old black man HIV reported to the eye clinic with decreased vision in his right eye. A diagnosis of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) was made on the basis of the clinical and fluorescein appearance. He is currently being monitored for resolution. A 44-year-old black man with profoundly compromised immunity also came to the eye clinic with CSC and HIV retinopathy. He later progressed to CMV retinitis and subsequently died. CONCLUSION: Although considered in many cases to be idiopathic, central serous chorioretinopathy has been associated with infectious etiologies, one of which could be HIV.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = ocular (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/164. Surgical repair of cytomegalovirus-related retinal detachment without silicone oil in patients with AIDS.PURPOSE: To analyze visual and anatomic results following surgical repair of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-related retinal detachment (RD) without silicone oil permanent tamponade. methods: We analyzed five consecutive patients (six eyes) with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and CMV-related RD that were repaired with pars plana vitrectomy with peeling of the posterior hyaloid, laser photocoagulation, encircling scleral buckle, and intraocular gas tamponade. RESULTS: Preoperative vision ranged from 20/40 to hand motion. Total retinal reattachment was achieved in five of six eyes (83%). Macular reattachment was achieved in all eyes. Mean postoperative visual acuity was 20/40 (range 20/30-20/60). Mean postoperative follow-up was 12 months (range 7-19 months). All patients in this series presented with low preoperative CD4 T-lymphocyte counts (mean, 24 cells per microL) and received highly active antiretroviral therapy. One retina (Patient 1) redetached 7 months after initial repair and was successfully reattached without using silicone oil. Postoperatively, visual acuity remains 20/30, and total retinal reattachment has been maintained for 16 months. CONCLUSION: Good anatomic and visual success can be achieved and maintained in CMV-related RD without the use of silicone oil.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = ocular (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/164. Herpetic whitlow in an AIDS patient.This case confirms that cutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections in many AIDS patients is important not only for the difficulty in diagnosis of herpetic lesions, but also for the possibility that co-infection by HSV and HIV can adversely affect prognosis in these patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 317.45394602076keywords = herpes simplex, herpes, simplex (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/164. Favourable effect of chemotherapy on clinical symptoms and human herpesvirus-8 dna load in a patient with Kaposi's sarcoma presenting with fever and anemia.The case of a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) with Kaposi's sarcoma who presented with fever of unknown origin, severe anemia, thrombocytopenia and hypoalbuminemia but only limited involvement of the skin is presented. Chemotherapy directed at Kaposi's sarcoma resulted in resolution of these clinical signs and symptoms and was associated with a significant reduction in human herpesvirus-8 dna load in serum, despite continued hiv-1 replication. Such a decreasing human herpesvirus-8 load following Kaposi's sarcoma-directed chemotherapy has not been reported previously. These findings suggest that Kaposi's sarcoma was indeed responsible for the clinical syndrome and that this neoplasm is a source of human herpesvirus-8 virus particle production, which can be inhibited by chemotherapy-induced reduction in tumor burden.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 346.33123352557keywords = herpes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/164. Cytomegalovirus-induced syringosquamous metaplasia.An unusual case of syringosquamous metaplasia of the eccrine ducts caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) is presented. The patient was HIV positive and had extensive excoriation of the perineum and vulva. biopsy revealed the presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) inclusions in the necrotic exudate, a CMV vasculitis and extensive involvement of the eccrine ducts. In addition to containing typical CMV inclusions, the eccrine ducts showed proliferation and squamous metaplasia. Inclusions of HSV were not seen within the eccrine ducts by light microscopy or immunohistochemistry. The extensive proliferation with accompanying squamous metaplasia superficially can resemble an infiltrating squamous carcinoma, but this was not evident to a great extent in this case. To the best of our knowledge, our case represents the first of syringosquamous metaplasia of eccrine ducts caused by CMV infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 317.45394602076keywords = herpes simplex, herpes, simplex (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/164. bk virus infection in AIDS.The bk virus (BKV) belongs to the family of the polyoma group, which contains three species: JC, which is responsible for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); simian virus 40 (SV40), which is a simian virus of little pathologic significance in humans; and BKV, which is usually not pathogenic and is found in the urine of asymptomatic individuals. Recently BKV has been reported to cause symptomatic infection in renal transplant patients. The authors report a rare case of a 14-year-old boy with AIDS who developed a BKV infection of the lung and kidney that progressed to diffuse alveolar damage and death. The infected type II pneumocytes in the lung and the tubular epithelial cells in the kidney showed large, homogenous purple intranuclear inclusions. The absence of necrosis and destruction made it possible to distinguish BKV infection from herpes simplex. The size of the infected cells and the lack of a halo around the nuclear inclusion helped rule out cytomegalovirus as the cause of infection. Electron microscopy detected the presence of 40-nm intranuclear viral particles compatible with BKV, and in situ hybridization established the diagnosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 317.45394602076keywords = herpes simplex, herpes, simplex (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/164. cytomegalovirus retinitis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.A number of striking changes have occurred recently in the presentation and course of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who are receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Before the use of HAART, CMV retinitis was the most common intraocular infection in patients with AIDS, occurring in up to 40% of patients, typically when CD4 cell counts have decreased to less than 0.10 x 10(9)/L. By studying CMV retinitis, clinicians can investigate whether the rejuvenated immune system that results from HAART can effectively control opportunistic infections in patients with AIDS. In some patients, retinitis has not progressed when specific anti-CMV therapy was discontinued, but a number of patients have developed substantial intraocular inflammation, which has resulted in decreased visual acuity. Anterior uveitis, cataract, vitritis, cystoid macular edema, epiretinal membrane, and disc edema may occur in patients with CMV retinitis who have experienced HAART-associated elevation in CD4 cell counts. Since immune recovery uveitis does not occur in eyes without CMV retinitis, the ocular inflammation appears to be related to the CMV infection. Anti-CMV maintenance therapy likely can be safely discontinued in some patients with CMV retinitis if CD4 cell counts are stable or increasing and have been higher than 0.10 x 10(9)/L for at least 3 months. Immune recovery in patients receiving HAART has been effective in controlling opportunistic infections, but it may also result in intraocular inflammation, which can have adverse effects on the eye.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = ocular (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| | Next -> |