11/149. septo-optic dysplasia and unexpected adult death--an autopsy approach.A 20-year-old woman who suffered from septo-optic dysplasia died unexpectedly following a presumed viral gastroenteritis. autopsy and neuropathological examination confirmed optic nerve hypoplasia with absence of the septum pellucidum. Marked adrenal gland hypoplasia reflected hypothalamic hypopituitarism. The small and large intestines were dilated and filled with liquid fecal material. This case demonstrates that individuals with septo-optic dysplasia may be at risk of unexpected death at all ages. The complexity of mechanisms of death in rare dysmorphic conditions may be overlooked if relevant clinical information is not available at the time of autopsy and unless specific steps are taken to clearly delineate the underlying features of the condition.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/149. Case report: plasma adrenalin in a child with ketotic hypoglycemia and calcifications of the suprarenal glands.Urinary excretion of adrenalin has been reported to be reduced during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in a significant proportion of children having ketotic hypoglycemia. By employing a sensitive double-isotope derivative technique, plasma adrenalin and plasma noradrenalin were determined in a boy 6 years 9 months old who had had ketotic hypoglycemia with intermittent hypoglycemic symptoms from the age of 10 months. Bilateral calcifications of the suprarenal glands were present. The adrenocortical function was normal. The plasma adrenalin response to hypoglycemia were practically absent, being only 4% of the value obtained in healthy children. The results were related to previous findings of a low plasma adrenalin response in patients with ketotic hypoglycemia without adrenal calcifications and support the assumption that ketotic hypoglycemia is associated with hypoadrenalinemia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/149. Acute adrenocortical insufficiency due to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with subsequent bilateral haemorrhagic infarction of the adrenal glands.A 56 year old male developed bilateral massive adrenal haemorrhage (BMAH) resulting in chronic adrenal insufficiency in the course of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)-syndrome. thrombosis of the central adrenal vein (CAV) with subsequent adrenal haemorrhagic infarction is the most probable cause of the rare association of HIT and BMAH. The exorbitantly high catecholamine plasma levels within the CAV in addition to immunogenic platelet activation are discussed as possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/149. Laparoscopic management of a giant adrenal cyst: case report.A 22-cm left adrenal cyst in a 30-year-old woman was laparoscopically drained and then excised. The main symptom was dull left-upper-quadrant pain. operative time was 95 minutes, and the hospital stay was 1 day. The patient returned to normal activity 7 days after surgery. histology revealed a benign adrenal cyst. At the 3-month follow-up, ultrasonography showed the absence of any cystic recurrence, and adrenal endocrine function was normal. The advantages and disadvantages of this modality for the management of adrenal gland cysts are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/149. heme oxygenase-1 deficiency: the first autopsy case.This article describes the first autopsy case of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 deficiency. A 6-year-old boy who presented with growth retardation; anemia; leukocytosis; thrombocytosis; coagulation abnormality; elevated levels of haptoglobin, ferritin, and heme in serum; a low serum bilirubin concentration; and hyperlipidemia was diagnosed as HO-1 deficient by gene analysis several months before death. autopsy showed amyloid deposits in the liver and adrenal glands and mesangioproliferative glomerular changes in kidneys, in addition to an irregular distribution of foamy macrophages with iron pigments. Fatty streaks and fibrous plaques were noted in the aorta. Compared with HO-1--targeted mice, the present case seems to more severely involve endothelial cells and the reticuloendothelial system, resulting in intravascular hemolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and amyloidosis with a short survival. This contrasts to the predominant iron metabolic disorders of HO-1--targeted mice with a long survival.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/149. Perinatal cytomegalovirus infection complicated with pneumonitis and adrenalitis in a premature infant.cytomegalovirus causes pneumonia, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia, and hemolytic anemia. cytomegalovirus adrenalitis in premature infants, however, is rare. This report described a premature newborn who had progressively worsening hyperbilirubinemia, pancytopenia, and hepatosplenomegaly at the age of 4 days. The baby's mother had prolonged rupture of amniotic membrane for about 8 weeks. The infant received exchange blood transfusion, empiric antibiotics treatment, and mechanical ventilation. pneumonia and sepsis developed at the age of 18 days. serum anticytomegalovirus immunoglobulin m and urine virus culture were positive for cytomegalovirus. The baby died at the age of 22 days. autopsy showed cytomegalovirus infection complicated with interstitial pneumonitis and pulmonary edema, subacute bronchopulmonary dysplasia with interstitial fibrosis, and adrenalitis. We concluded that the functional status of the adrenal glands in cytomegalovirus-infected premature newborns who have unexplained electrolytes imbalance, fever, diarrhea, weight loss, or hypotension should be closely followed because of the possible involvement of adrenal glands.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/149. Adrenal hemorrhage due to vitamin-K deficiency.Adrenal hemorrhage has many etiologies including bleeding diathesis. A 10-day-old female baby was admitted to our clinic with the complaint of abdominal distention. hemorrhage was determined on the right adrenal gland with abdominal ultrasonography and computerized tomography. Laboratory investigations showed PT 44 sec and aPTT longer than one minute. This article reports here an infant diagnosed as adrenal hemorrhage due to Vitamin-K deficiency presenting as an abdominal mass.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
18/149. Puerperal adrenal abscess complicating chorioamnionitis.BACKGROUND: An abscess in the adrenal gland is a rare finding described only a few times in the literature. We present a case report of chorioamnionitis complicated by a puerperal adrenal abscess diagnosed and drained percutaneously using ultrasound and computed tomography. CASE: A 22-year-old woman delivered prematurely because of chorioamnionitis. amoxicillin clavulanate was administered, and her fever defervesced. Six days later, the patient presented with a temperature of 40C and right flank pain. Workup revealed an abscess in the right adrenal gland, which was diagnosed by computed tomography scan, and then drained percutaneously. Follow-up revealed regression of the abscess to complete recovery. CONCLUSION: Adrenal abscess has not been described in the past as a possible complication of choriamnionitis. It is important to assess the entire abdominal cavity by ultrasound or computed tomography in febrile patients who do not respond to medical therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
19/149. Cushing's syndrome, growth impairment, and occult adrenal suppression associated with intranasal steroids.We have previously described iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome secondary to intranasal steroids. This report further highlights the potential deleterious effects of intranasal steroids. Nine cases (including the original two cases) are reviewed to show the varied clinical manifestations of adrenal suppression caused by intranasal steroids. Four presented with Cushing's syndrome, three with growth failure, while two asymptomatic patients were discovered in the course of pituitary function testing. Four children had dysmorphic syndromes--Down's, Treacher-Collins, CHARGE association, and campomelic dysplasia--reflecting the vulnerability of such children to ENT problems, together with the difficulty of interpreting steroid induced growth failure in this context. Adrenal suppression was seen not only with betamethasone but also with budesonide, beclomethasone and flunisolide nasal preparations. A careful enquiry as to the use of intranasal steroids should be routine in children presenting with unexplained growth failure or Cushing's syndrome. Particular vigilance/awareness is required in children with dysmorphic syndromes.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0079569538557819keywords = pituitary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
20/149. Echinococcal cyst of the adrenal gland.A very rare case of echinococcal cyst of the adrenal gland is reported. Other organs were free of echinococcal cysts. Treatment consisted of surgical removal of the adrenal cyst through a subcostal incision.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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