1/4. The dorsalis pedis island pedicle flap for small defects of the foot and ankle.The dorsalis pedis island pedicle flap is used frequently for coverage of small soft tissue defects (3 cm to 5 cm) of the foot and ankle. Defects overlying the malleoli, heel, and distal tibia can be covered by mobilization of the anterior tibial pedicle. For these small flaps the venous comitantes provide adequate outflow. These flaps should be considered in preference to cross leg and free flaps when feasible due to their relative efficacy and reliability.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = island (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/4. comparative study of reverse flow island flaps in the lower extremities--peroneal, anterior tibial, and posterior tibial island flaps in 25 patients.The reverse flow island flap is one of the most versatile reconstructive procedures in the lower extremity. There are three major arteries, the peroneal, the anterior tibial, and the posterior tibial artery, and a reverse flow island flap pedicled by each vessel and its intermuscular cutaneous perforators is available. Twenty-five reverse flow island flaps were clinically applied for soft tissue defects in the lower leg (10 peroneal, 8 anterior tibial, and 7 posterior tibial flaps). We report a comparative study of the characteristics and indications of the peroneal, anterior tibial, and posterior tibial reverse flow flaps. We conclude that the anterior tibial reverse flow flaps are more likely, without venous anastomosis, to become congested and necrose than the peroneal and posterior tibial flaps.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.2keywords = island (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/4. Distally based sural island flap for foot and ankle reconstruction.The distally based sural island flap is vascularized by the cutaneous perforating branches of the peroneal artery. Three variants of this flap were used for reconstruction of 19 patients with defects in the ankle and in both dorsal and plantar surfaces of the foot. Four adipofascial sural flaps were used to cover the exposed Achilles tendons. Twelve fasciocutaneous sural flaps were used to resurface defects in the ankle region as well as in the non-weight-bearing area of the heel. Another four sural flaps, innervated by the lateral sural cutaneous nerve, were used to resurface the weight-bearing areas of the heel. The advantage of this flap is a constant and reliable blood supply without sacrifice of major arteries or sensory nerves. It also has the potential for reinnervation and can be performed in a single stage without microsurgery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = island (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/4. Combined fasciocutaneous abductor hallucis-medialis pedis transposition flap for defect coverage of the medial ankle.A new method to cover a deep defect of the medial ankle with exposed bone, tendon, or metal implant is presented. In two cases a combined medialis pedis and abductor hallucis muscle flap, each based on separate vessels but linked by the musculocutaneous perforators, was used successfully as an island transposition flap. Among other available options, this flap is, in our opinion, an ideal solution that has superior advantages.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = island (Clic here for more details about this article) |