1/66. Unilateral renal agenesis presenting as anuria.The most common cause of sudden and total cessation of urine output is obstructive uropathy, usually at the bladder outlet. Bilateral ureteral obstruction is a much less common cause of anuria. In additioh, unilateral obstruction in the presence of a solitary kidney must be considered in the differential diagnosis. Primary renal parenchymal disorders and pre-renal azotemia occasionally may be anuric but more commonly are oliguric. A case of unilateral renal agenesis presenting as anuria and obstruction of the solitary kidney is described.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = kidney (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/66. Repeated transient anuria following losartan administration in a patient with a solitary kidney.We report the case of a 70-year-old hypertensive man with a solitary kidney and chronic renal insufficiency who developed two episodes of transient anuria after losartan administration. He was hospitalized for a myocardial infarction with pulmonary edema, treated with high-dose diuretics. Due to severe systolic dysfunction losartan was prescribed. Surprisingly, the first dose of 50 mg of losartan resulted in a sudden anuria, which lasted eight hours despite high-dose furosemide and amine infusion. One week later, by mistake, losartan was prescribed again and after the second dose of 50 mg, the patient developed a second episode of transient anuria lasting 10 hours. During these two episodes, his blood pressure diminished but no severe hypotension was noted. Ultimately, an arteriography showed a 70-80% renal artery stenosis. In this patient, renal artery stenosis combined with heart failure and diuretic therapy certainly resulted in a strong activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Under such conditions, angiotensin ii receptor blockade by losartan probably induced a critical fall in glomerular filtration pressure. This case report highlights the fact that the angiotensin ii receptor antagonist losartan can cause serious unexpected complications in patients with renovascular disease and should be used with extreme caution in this setting.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.5keywords = kidney (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/66. Acute bilateral renal cortical necrosis as a cause of postoperative renal failure.Acute renal failure after a major intra-abdominal operation is, unfortunately, not an infrequent occurrence. Acute tubular necrosis, the most common cause of postoperative renal failure, usually follows a predictable clinical course, with most patients recovering full renal function. We describe a patient who developed acute renal failure after orthotopic liver transplantation. Subsequent workup revealed the patient to have acute bilateral renal cortical necrosis. Bilateral renal cortical necrosis is an extremely rare cause of renal failure and an even rarer cause of postoperative renal failure. We discuss the diagnosis and management of this uncommon disorder and review the salient literature. Of the approximately 15 known reported cases involving native kidneys after a major nonobstetric abdominal operation in the world literature, we believe this is the first to be related to an orthotopic organ transplant.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 59.725302047252keywords = tubular necrosis, kidney, necrosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/66. reflex anuria from unilateral ureteral obstruction.Renal function is usually normal or only marginally affected in patients with unilateral ureteral obstruction due to the vicarious function of the contralateral kidney. Few reports exist in which unilateral renal obstruction is associated with anuria (reflex anuria, RA) and acute renal failure. We report the clinical case of a female patient who was referred to the emergency department due to anuria of 72 h duration and acute renal failure (serum creatinine 9 mg/dl) associated with several episodes of violent right flank pain with hematuria following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). A few weeks before ESWL, urography showed a 2-cm stone located in the right pelvis whilst the left kidney was functionally normal. On admission, renal ultrasound documented a normal left kidney, whilst the right pelvis was hydronephrotic and there were two indwelling stones at the right pyeloureteral junction. After the patient passed a urinary stone, diuresis restarted and acute renal failure was resolved. Thereafter, urography confirmed that the left kidney, the left ureter and bladder were functionally and morphologically normal. RA with acute renal failure has been so scarcely documented that it is considered to be legend by many clinicians. Major textbooks do not discuss RA with acute renal failure. Vascular or ureteral spasm related in part to a peculiar hyperexcitability of the autonomic nervous system may explain RA. We suggest that nephrologists should always consider RA when evaluating acute renal failure. On the other hand, RA might be relatively common and we cannot rule out that only the most severe and/or better-documented cases have been reported in the medical literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = kidney (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/66. Presentation of M4 acute myeloid leukemia in anuric renal failure with hyperuricemia and enlarged kidneys.Extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is not uncommon. It has been shown to involve the kidneys in most postmortem cases but is most often clinically insignificant. By contrast, acute tumor lysis syndrome is rare in AML, especially at initial diagnosis. The authors report the management of a patient with AML who had acute tumor lysis syndrome that was probably potentiated by renal leukemia and resulted in renal failure. This patient achieved remission with dose-modified induction chemotherapy administered while he was dialysis-dependent.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.5keywords = kidney (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/66. Recovery of renal function after right nephrectomy, cavectomy and left renal vein ligation.Right nephrectomy and ligation of the left renal vein often lead to acute renal failure, but not obligatorily to renal infarction and chronic uremia, thanks to the peculiar venous supply of the left kidney. A man underwent right nephrectomy, inferior cavectomy and ligation of the left renal vein and became anuric. Hemodialysis was necessary for some days, but he partially recovered his renal function. proteinuria occurred a few days after the operation and decreased but had not disappeared after ten months. Eventually the patient died of brain metastases. There are a few reports of similar operations, some successful, others not, but very few papers report an adequate follow-up of subsequent changes in renal function. Nephrologists could be involved in the postoperative care of these cases. They should be aware of the possible recovery of renal function and should try all possible strategies to help the left kidney recover its function.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = kidney (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/66. Two cases of patients with renal transplants presenting with anuria due to an infarcted ileal conduit.Transplanting kidneys into patients with an ileal conduit has become acceptable practice, and is usually well tolerated. We present the cases of two such patients who later presented as emergencies with anuria due to infarction of the ileal conduit. Both required operative intervention, and in both cases the renal function returned to its pre-operative level. The cases illustrate an important differential diagnosis of anuria in this group of transplant patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = kidney (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/66. Recovery after prolonged anuria following septic abortion.After a criminal abortion, a 21-year-old woman developed clostridial sepsis, massive hemolysis, shock, and protracted renal failure. anuria was present for 3 weeks and hemodialysis was required for 35 days. Because of the prolonged anuria, the patient was thought to have irreversible renal cortical necrosis. A renal biopsy demonstrated tubular necrosis only. Shortly after the biopsy procedure, urinary volumes began to increase, and renal function gradually returned to normal levels. This case demonstrates that a protracted course of renal failure following clostridial infection is not necessarily due to cortical necrosis but may result from tubular necrosis, and renal function may return to normal.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 118.13021537948keywords = tubular necrosis, necrosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/66. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the aorta complicated by anuria.Tumors of the aorta have been reported infrequently in the literature. We report a case of a 63-year-old woman diagnosed with malignant aortic fibrous histiocytoma (also known as fibroxanthosarcoma). She was referred to us with suspected occlusion of the right renal artery in a single functioning kidney, with a clinical picture of anuria during the previous 48 hours. We also review 31 previously published cases in the literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = kidney (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/66. Staghorn calculus in renal allograft presenting as acute renal failure.BACKGROUND: urolithiasis is a rare complication in renal transplant recipients. We report a case of a staghorn calculus occurring in renal allograft, presenting as anuric renal failure with Gram-negative sepsis. methods AND RESULTS: A 48-year-old Caucasian female, with end-stage renal disease due to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, underwent cadaveric renal transplantation in 1986. Sixteen years after transplant, she presented with Gram-negative sepsis with proteus mirabilis and acute anuric renal failure in the allograft. After undergoing an emergency nephrostomy and treatment of sepsis, a staghorn calculus was subsequently removed by percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Based on the stone analysis and history of urinary tract infections with urease splitting bacteria, the calculus was thought to be infection-induced. CONCLUSION: Although a rare complication, urolithiasis in an allograft can be associated with significant morbidity. Immediate recognition is critical to restore renal allograft function and to treat associated serious infection in an immunocompromised patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = kidney (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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