1/131. Supplementary motor area aphasia: a case report.A 72-year-old right-handed woman developed aphasia after a left supplementary motor area (SMA) infarct. She had a right hemiparesis, more paretic on the leg, a tendency to look to her left, and loss of spontaneity. Neuropsychological deficits were mainly in the initiation of language production. She did not speak spontaneously, but responded and articulated well to questions. She named objects correctly when presented, and could repeat words, phrases, and sentences well. She had a difficulty in reading aloud, writing spontaneously and writing to dictation, but preserved the ability to copy written material. This is another rare case of SMA aphasia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = aphasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/131. Representation of linguistic rules in the brain: evidence from training an aphasic patient to produce past tense verb morphology.We trained a patient with expressive aphasia and a deficit in phoneme-to-grapheme conversion to produce spoken English verbs with correct tense morphology. After training, he showed evidence of generalization to production of written regular, but not irregular, verbs in a sentence completion task. These data support dual-route, rule-based models within the brain for morphosyntactic operations.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = aphasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/131. Frontal-opercular aphasia.The standard nomenclature divides nonfluent aphasic syndromes with relatively spared comprehension into Broca's aphasia and transcortical motor aphasia. We report on a patient with a persistent nonfluent aphasia from a discrete, primarily cortical, frontal-opercular lesion who had impaired syntax but intact repetition and, therefore, did not conform to the traditional classification. Based on this patient's behavior and a review of other cases, we have divided the nonfluent aphasias with intact comprehension into five disorders. (1) Verbal akinesia-exhibiting diminished intention or drive to speak and associated with medial frontal lesions (supplementary motor area and cingulate gyrus) or with lesions damaging the efferent projections from these areas. (2) Disorders of syntax-telegraphic and agrammatic utterances that may be associated with dominant pars opercularis lesions. (3) Phonemic disintegration-a failure to correctly produce phonemes, which may be associated with injury to the opercular primary motor cortex or efferent projections from this area. (4) Defects of lexical access-patients who struggle to find words and are impaired at timed word-generation tasks. Defects of lexical access may be associated with lesions of the pars triangularis and adjacent prefrontal cortex. (5) Mixed defects. According to this model, the traditional patient with Broca's aphasia would exhibit disorders of syntax, phonemic disintegration, and defects of lexical access, whereas the traditional patient with transcortical motor aphasia would have verbal akinesia or defects of lexical access or both. Our patient had defects of lexical access and syntax, but only mild symptoms of phonemic disintegration, suggesting that his opercular primary motor cortex was relatively intact. Our patient's ability to repeat normally while his propositional speech remained telegraphic suggests that different neural mechanisms subserve these functions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.3352096764013keywords = nonfluent aphasia, aphasia, nonfluent (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/131. Functional magnetic resonance imaging to word generation task in a patient with Broca's aphasia.We describe the findings of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a patient with Broca's aphasia. The patient was a 45-year-old, right-handed woman who developed Broca's aphasia after infarction in the left frontal lobe. The first fMRI showed no signals in the left frontal lobe during verbal tasks, 2 weeks after the onset of infarction. Four weeks later, when the patient's symptom had improved, the second fMRI showed some increase in the fMRI signals in the left frontal lobe. Seven months later, she had completely recovered the ability to speak. The last fMRI then showed that the increment in signal activity in the left frontal lobe during verbal tasks had recovered to the level seen in normal subjects. There was a good correlation between the increase in task-related signals in Broca's area and the recovery of language function. Our findings show that fMRI has can be important in assessing cognitive functions in patients with Broca's aphasia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.1666666666667keywords = aphasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/131. Electromagnetic articulography treatment for an adult with Broca's aphasia and apraxia of speech.Electromagnetic articulography (EMA) was explored as a means of remediating [s]/[symbol in text] articulation deficits in the speech of an adult with Broca's aphasia and apraxia of speech. Over a 1-month period, the subject was provided with 2 different treatments in a counterbalanced procedure: (1) visually guided biofeedback concerning tongue-tip position and (2) a foil treatment in which a computer program delivered voicing-contrast stimuli for simple repetition. Kinematic and perceptual data suggest improvement resulting from visually guided biofeedback, both for nonspeech oral and, to a lesser extent, speech motor tasks. In contrast, the phonetic contrast treated in the foil condition showed only marginal improvement during the therapy session, with performance dropping back to baseline 10 weeks post-treatment. Although preliminary, the findings suggest that visual biofeedback concerning tongue-tip position can be used to treat nonspeech oral and (to a lesser extent) speech motor behavior in adults with Broca's aphasia and apraxia of speech.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = aphasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/131. Chronological progression of a language deficit appearing to be postictally reversible in a patient with symptomatic localization-related epilepsy.A language deficit occurring interictally, with chronological progression, and postictally in a patient with symptomatic localization-related epilepsy, which began at 1.6 years of age, is reported. The patient was a 30-year-old right-handed man whose seizures seemed to originate from the left frontal lobe and to involve the left temporal lobe. The deficit in oral language consisted mainly of features of motor aphasia, including delayed initiation of speech with great effort, echolalic and palilalic tendencies, and word-finding difficulty, but he also showed features of sensory aphasia. Written language had agraphia observed in sensory aphasia, including well-formed letters, paraphasias, neologisms, and paragrammatism. Postictally, the language deficit appeared to be superficially reversible, and evolved from mutism through non-fluent jargon to the interictal level of language. Analysis of the patient's diaries from 10 to 26 years of age disclosed chronologically progressive deterioration of language with paragrammatism, showing an increase of grammatical errors, neologismus, literal and verbal paraphasias and misconstruction of sentences. The results suggest that localization-related epilepsy of presumably left frontal lobe origin causes not only a postictal language deficit but also a slowly progressive deficit of language function.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.83333333333333keywords = aphasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/131. Acute aphasia in multiple sclerosis.Acute aphasia is rare in multiple sclerosis. We describe 3 patients with multiple sclerosis who had acute exacerbations presenting as aphasias. One patient had a mixed transcortical aphasia, 1 had a transcortical motor aphasia, and 1 had a Broca aphasia. magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain with contrast enhancement revealed new white matter lesions in the left hemisphere in all 3 patients. Two of the 3 patients had a good response to treatment with methylprednisolone sodium succinate. Arch Neurol. 2000;57:1207-1209- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5keywords = aphasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/131. An open-label trial of bromocriptine in nonfluent aphasia: a qualitative analysis of word storage and retrieval.anomia is a commonly found in aphasia and has been attributed to a loss of representations (storage deficit) or to a loss of access to these representations (retrieval deficit). bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, was tested on four patients, two men and two women, with nonfluent aphasia. The patients were tested in an open-label ABBA design using a stochastic model that measured the degree of storage and retrieval deficits. All patients showed significant improvements in word retrieval. bromocriptine may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of selected patients with a nonfluent aphasia in which retrieval deficits play a major role.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5.7963788145374keywords = nonfluent aphasia, aphasia, nonfluent (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/131. Training agrammatic subjects on passive sentences: implications for syntactic deficit theories.We trained two subjects with chronic agrammatic aphasia on production of passive sentences using a computerized, iconic-based communication system. After training, one of the subjects demonstrated significant improvements in his abilities to comprehend and verbally produce English passive voiced sentences, including sentences with conjoined subjects and objects. These results suggest that agrammatism does not represent a fixed syntactic deficit.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = aphasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/131. A comparison of relaxation training and syntax stimulation for chronic nonfluent aphasia.This study examined the effects of relaxation training and syntax stimulation on the spoken language abilities of a 59-year-old male with chronic, nonfluent aphasia of moderate severity. Relaxation training consisted of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and guided imagery (GI), whereas the syntax stimulation was a modified version of the Helm Elicited Program for Syntax Stimulation (HELPSS) [(1981). Helm Elicited language Program for Syntax Stimulation. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.]. These treatments were applied in the context of a single-subject alternating treatments plus baseline design. Results indicated that although both treatments produced improvements in spoken language, syntax stimulation was associated with larger improvements, particularly in terms of the proportions of grammatical utterances, correct information units (CIUs), and successful utterances produced by the participant. Analysis of treatment order, however, indicated that the participant's best performances of the syntax treatment and of the probe tasks occurred when relaxation training preceded syntax stimulation. These findings suggest that the simplicity and psychological benefits of relaxation training make it a complementary component to traditional linguistic programs for aphasia. Educational objectives: (1) The reader will understand how psychological responses to stress may affect the language processing abilities of adults with aphasia. (2) The reader will be able to describe how relaxation training complements a traditional language treatment approach for remediating spoken language abilities of adults with chronic nonfluent aphasia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.3777932244012keywords = nonfluent aphasia, aphasia, nonfluent (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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