1/15. Emerging gram-negative pathogens in the immunocompromised host: agrobacterium radiobacter septicemia during hiv disease.Three out of 2,412 consecutive hiv-infected patients hospitalized since 1990, developed agrobacterium radiobacter septicemia. All patients were severely immunocompromised, showing a prior diagnosis of AIDS, concurrent opportunistic infections, a mean CD4 lymphocyte count below 100 cells/microL, and neutropenia. Nosocomial A. radiobacter sepsis occurred in two cases of three, and was related to a lower neutrophil and CD4 cell count. Antibiotic and cotrimoxazole treatment were carried out during the month preceding disease onset by two and three patients, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility assays showed resistance to ureidopenicillins and aztreonam, and complete sensitivity to carbapenems, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin. A therapeutic regimen including amikacin plus ceftriaxone or ceftazidime obtained clinical and microbiological cure in all cases, in the absence of related mortality or relapses. Only two episodes of hiv-associated A. radiobacter complications have been described to date: one case of sepsis and one patient with pneumonia. Despite their low frequency, gram-negative non-fermenting bacilli should be considered in hiv-infected patients with a suspected bacterial complication, because of their cumbersome identification procedures, and their unpredictable antibiotic susceptibility, with elevated resistance to many compounds expected to be effective against gram-negative organisms. A. radiobacter may play a pathogenic role in patients with advanced hiv disease, even when some commonly recognized risk factors are lacking (in-dwelling catheters and instrumentation), while a very low CD4 lymphocyte count, leukopenia-neutropenia, hospitalization, and concurrent AIDS-related infectious complications, may act as predisposing factors.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/15. bacillus cereus fatal bacteremia and apparent association with nosocomial transmission in an intensive care unit.bacillus cereus has sometimes been implicated in food poisoning and in opportunistic infections of seriously ill patients. This report describes an unusual case of persistent bacteremia and multiple organ failure associated with B. cereus in a patient admitted to our institution for lung cancer. The patient was undergoing treatment with an antimicrobial agent (imipenem) that was shown to be effective against the micro-organism in vitro. No portal of entry for the strain was detected. After treatment with vancomycin, also shown to be effective in vitro, no clinical improvement was noted and the patient died. Molecular studies showed that the same strain caused an episode of pseudobacteremia in another patient admitted to the same ICU room.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/15. methylobacterium mesophilicum infection: case report and literature review of an unusual opportunistic pathogen.methylobacterium mesophilicum is a methylotrophic, pink pigmented, gram-negative rod that was initially isolated from environmental sources that is being increasingly reported as a cause of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts. We present the case of an immunocompromised woman who developed a central catheter infection with M. mesophilicum and review the other 29 cases reported in the literature, noting that it is frequently resistant to beta-lactam agents but is generally susceptible to aminoglycosides and quinolones.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/15. bacteremia and endocarditis caused by a Gordonia species in a patient with a central venous catheter.We report the first case of endocarditis caused by a Gordonia species genetically related to G. sputi but exhibiting some atypical biochemical features in a 31-year-old woman with a central venous catheter. This unusual pathogen may be a new cause of opportunistic infections in patients with severe underlying diseases.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/15. Group A streptococcal appendicitis in a patient with AIDS.A man with AIDS developed appendicitis and bacteremia caused by Group A streptococcus, neither of which is considered an opportunistic infection. Group A streptococcus is rarely implicated in appendicitis in children and has not previously been reported in an adult. Immunodeficiency might have predisposed the patient to this unusual infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/15. Community-acquired acinetobacter radioresistens bacteremia in an hiv-positive patient.We describe the first case of community-acquired bacteremia caused by acinetobacter radioresistens; the patient was a 32-year-old hiv-positive neutropenic woman. Ambiguous Gram staining and poor biochemical reactivity of blood culture isolates misguided early diagnosis and therapy. Bacterial identification was based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. A. radioresistens can be considered as a cause of opportunistic infection in immunodeficient patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/15. Catheter-related bacteremia due to Kocuria kristinae in a patient with ovarian cancer.We report on the first case of a catheter-related recurrent bacteremia caused by Kocuria kristinae, a gram-positive microorganism belonging to the family micrococcaceae, in a 51-year-old woman with ovarian cancer. This unusual pathogen may cause opportunistic infections in patients with severe underlying diseases.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/15. Case report. Epididymo-orchitis and bacteremia caused by plesiomonas shigelloides in an hiv-infected patient.Invasive infection and extraintestinal complications are rarely caused by plesiomonas shigelloides, a waterborne bacterium implicated in gastroenteritis. Recent evidence from several reports suggests its importance in causing opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts. We report a case of P shigelloides bacteremia and epididymo-orchitis in a patient with hiv infection and chronic hepatitis c. This case illustrates a novel site of involvement by P shigelloides and underscores its role as an opportunistic pathogen.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/15. sepsis in a renal transplant recipient due to Citrobacter braakii.cellulitis is usually caused by organisms such as beta-hemolytic streptococci and staphylococcus aureus. Citrobacter are gram-negative bacilli that can cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts. They are rarely implicated in skin or soft tissue infections. The genus Citrobacter has been respeciated according to genetic relatedness. Citrobacter braakii refers to the genomospecies 6 of the citrobacter freundii complex. There are no detailed studies of infections caused by the newly formed specific genetic species. We report a case of C. braakii infection in a renal transplant patient receiving immunosuppressive therapy. The patient's lower extremity cellulitis did not respond to conventional antibiotic therapy. Blood cultures grew C. braakii. Sensitivity studies and treatment with appropriate antibiotics resulted in prompt recovery. Immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplant recipients predisposes to infection by unusual pathogens, and this should be suspected when lack of a clinical response to conventional antibiotics is observed. We believe this is the first reported case of C. braakii cellulitis and bacteremia in a renal transplant recipient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/15. Catheter-related bacteremia due to Kocuria rosea in a patient undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.BACKGROUND: micrococcus species may cause intracranial abscesses, meningitis, pneumonia, and septic arthritis in immunosuppressed or immunocompetent hosts. In addition, strains identified as micrococcus spp. have been reported recently in infections associated with indwelling intravenous lines, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis fluids, ventricular shunts and prosthetic valves. CASE PRESENTATION: We report on the first case of a catheter-related bacteremia caused by Kocuria rosea, a gram-positive microorganism belonging to the family micrococcaceae, in a 39-year-old man undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation due to relapsed hodgkin disease. This uncommon pathogen may cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. CONCLUSIONS: This report presents a case of Kocuria rosea catheter related bacteremia after stem cell transplantation successfully treated with vancomycin and by catheter removal.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| | Next -> |