1/15. Agenesis of the corpus callosum associated with DiGeorge-velocardiofacial syndrome: a case report and review of the literature.We report a patient with clinical and cytogenetic findings consistent with DiGeorge-velocardiofacial syndrome and agenesis of the corpus callosum. This patient represents the first report of a case of DiGeorge-velocardiofacial syndrome associated with such a central nervous system abnormality. This case, together with previous reports in the literature, suggests that structural brain abnormalities, and in particular abnormalities of the corpus callosum, are part of the complex syndrome associated with the chromosomal microdeletion 22q11.2. We suggest that the diagnosis of DiGeorge-velocardiofacial syndrome be entertained in patients with agenesis of the corpus callosum in the context of other common clinical features of this syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/15. The treatment of meningitis in infants with co-trimoxazole administered parenterally.We found that co-trimoxazole had a good clinical and antibacterial effect when given parenterally to infants with infections of the central nervous system. We showed good concentrations in the serum and satisfactory penetrations into the cerebrospinal fluid. In one case, there was a side effect which may have been due to the sulpha or to the solvent. We think that at present the preparation should not be given to very premature babies or to babies with icterus, for the same reasons that we avoid using sulpha preparations in these conditions, but otherwise it may be of great use in difficult cases of meningitis caused by gram-negative bacteria in infancy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/15. propionibacterium acnes: pathogen in central nervous system shunt infection. Report of three cases including immune complex glomerulonephritis.propionibacterium acnes is a pleomorphic gram-positive anaerobic rod usually isolated as a contaminant from skin. We report three cases of P. acnes infection of central nervous system shunts for hydrocephalus. The organism was seen repeatedly on gram stain in a specimen of shunt fluid in all three cases; initially, it was regarded as a contaminant. In addition, two of the patients had precipitins to extracts of their organism. serum from normal control subjects had no such precipitins. One of the patients had an immune-complex glomerulonephritis--an entity not previously associated with anaerobic organisms. All three patients recovered after removal of the shunt and treatment with antibiotics. P. acnes is a significant pathogen in patients with central nervous system shunts.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/15. Immunodeficiency secondary to juvenile paracoccidioidomycosis: associated infections.Four patients with acute paracoccidioidomycosis, hypoalbuminemia, ascites and associated infections are reported. They have been admitted to hospital 35 times, 4 of them due to active paracoccidioidomycosis, 14 to associated infections, 14 to ascites, edema and diarrhoea and 3 to herniorrhaphy. Two of them recovered after sepsis and central nervous system, muscular and subcutaneous cryptococcosis. The remaining two died. One had infectious diarrhoea (S. flexneri), peritoneal tuberculosis and sepsis (S. epidermidis); the other had bacterial meningitis, erysipelas, beta-hemolytic streptococcus sepsis and miliary tuberculosis. Their immunodeficiency was attributed to enteric protein loss and/or malabsorption and malnutrition and was recognized by reduced response to delayed hypersensitivity skin tests in four patients and hypogammaglobulinemia in three of them. The authors discuss the need for prospective studies to be carried out, aiming at the mechanisms involved in secondary infections. Alternatives for maintaining the patients' adequate nutritional state should be investigated, to guarantee proper immune response and thus the ability to control intervening infections in patients with juvenile paracoccidioidomycosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/15. cerebral ventriculitis: MR findings.cerebral ventriculitis is an uncommon site and manifestation of infection of the central nervous system. We report the magnetic resonance findings in two patients with cytologic and CSF culture proof of ventriculitis. The findings included abnormal signal intensity of the ependyma and CSF on T2-weighted images. In addition, ependymal, meningeal, and dural enhancement was seen in one case, on T1-weighted images, after administration of Gd-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/15. Dorsal midbrain encephalitis caused by propionibacterium acnes. Report of two cases.A syndrome of dorsal midbrain dysfunction in association with a central nervous system anaerobic diphtheroid infection is described. Two cases of infection with propionibacterium acnes manifested as shunt malfunctions with a clinical dorsal midbrain syndrome. Magnetic resonance images showed increased signal in the midbrain tectum which has decreased slowly over time. The evidence suggesting that this syndrome represents bacterial midbrain encephalitis is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/15. An unusual central nervous system infection in a young immunocompromised host.A 13-year-old girl with a ten-year history of lymphoblastic leukemia and several central nervous system (CNS) relapses developed a bone marrow relapse and accelerated CNS leukemia. Following treatment with CNS radiation and intravenous chemotherapy, she developed fever, pancytopenia, headache, and vomiting. Her neurological function deteriorated and she died on the 20th hospital day. Multiple CSF examinations failed to disclose either leukemic cells or organisms. blood cultures obtained from a Broviac catheter yielded micrococcus species. Postmortem examination showed meningoependymitis with intracellular coccal organisms. The pathology of this infection resembles intracranial Whipple's disease. Intracranial intracellular bacterial infection should be excluded in the infectious complications in the immunocompromised host.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/15. Focal infections of the central nervous system due to propionibacterium acnes.propionibacterium acnes as the single cause of intracranial infections has rarely been described. We present four patients in whom the infection arose as a result of a breach of skin tegument, and postulate that P. acnes is an under-recognised pathogen.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/15. Mixed bacterial meningitis.Two recent cases of mixed bacterial meningitis at the kansas City veterans Administration Medical Center were studied. A review of the literature suggests that 1% of all cases of meningitis are caused by more than one bacterial species. Before 1950 such cases occurred predominantly in children and were caused by combinations of bacteria commonly associated with meningitis. Since 1950 a largely adult population has been affected by mixed bacterial meningitis, with a higher incidence of gram-negative bacillary organisms cultured from the cerebrospinal fluid. Common predisposing factors in this older group of patients include infection at contiguous foci, tumors in close proximity to the central nervous system, or fistulous communications with the central nervous system. mortality was 26% for cases occurring before 1950 and 63% for those occurring after 1950. Failure to recognize one of the organisms present in the cerebrospinal fluid may result in the initiation of inadequate therapy in as many as 67% of cases. Empiric broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy is indicated in symptomatic patients predisposed to mixed bacterial meningitis until culture results become available.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/15. CNS toxicity associated with intraventricular injection of cefazolin. Report of three cases.Three patients who experienced central nervous system toxicity secondary to intraventricular therapy with cefazolin are described. On the basis of this experience it is recommended that cefazolin not be used for intraventricular antibiotic therapy in the treatment of shunt infections.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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