1/7. balanitis xerotica obliterans and its differential diagnosis.BACKGROUND: balanitis xerotica obliterans is a subcategory of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus limited to the male genitalia and is associated with destructive inflammation, phimosis, urethral stenosis, and squamous cell carcinoma. methods: The medical literature was searched from 1983-1998 using key words balanitis, lichen, and sclerosis using the medline system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: balanitis xerotica obliterans can be distinguished from other genital dermatoses with similar characteristics through patient history, clinical findings, and laboratory evaluation.. Tzanck smear and cutaneous biopsy, along with a rapid protein reagin test, will provide a definitive diagnosis. Treatment with high-dose topical corticosteroids relieves symptoms, and therapy focuses on prevention of disease progression.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = lichen sclerosus, sclerosus, lichen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/7. Urethral stone presenting as a stop valve--a rare complication of balanitis xerotica obliterans.Balanitis xerotic obliterans (BXO) is the genital subcategory of lichen sclerosis et atrophicus. The association of BXO with urethral stone causing interruption of the urinary stream and voiding by manual displacement of the urethral stone has not been described before. We describe one such case of a young boy with BXO and urethral stone who voided by manually displacing the stone for over a year. The case is reported to emphasize the ingenuity of the patient in continuing to void for over a year despite the association of the impacted urethral stone with urethral stricture and BXO.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0089441436722457keywords = lichen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/7. Squamous cell carcinoma and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the prepuce.Two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the prepuce arising on balanitis xerotica obliterans are described. This event is unusual and not well known. The surgical treatment was a wide circumcision in which the prepuce and part of the shaft skin were removed, performing as well a decortication of the glans base. This technique seemed to be satisfactory in removing the carcinoma and obtaining a definite improvement in the clinical picture of balanitis xerotica obliterans as well.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.964223425311keywords = lichen sclerosus, sclerosus, lichen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/7. carcinoma of the penis in lichen sclerosus atrophicus. A case report.Three cases of glans penis epidermoid carcinoma after lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) or balanitis xerotica obliterans are discussed. Relationships between both diseases are analyzed but remain unclear. balanitis xerotica obliterans causes foreskin and urethral meatus stenosis that requires circumcision. Glans penis carcinoma can be observed many years later even after circumcision. The knowledge of LSA is important to do circumcision at the beginning of the disease with a long-term follow-up of these patients to realize a glans penis biopsy if necessary. Most cases of LSA are not recognized, and the frequency is higher than reported.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4.9552792816388keywords = lichen sclerosus, sclerosus, lichen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/7. Papulosquamous lesions of glans penis.The presentation of a scaly papule or plaque on the glans penis should suggest more wide-spread papulosquamous disease. Careful examination of the remaining body surface, including the oral mucosa and nails, in almost all cases will yield clues to the correct diagnosis. Papulosquamous disease which may present as a penile lesion include psoriasis, Reiter syndrome, lichen planus, lichen nitidus, seborrheic dermatitis, secondary syphilis, fixed drug eruption, erythroplasia of Queyrat, plasma cell balanitis of Zoon, bowenoid papulosis, and discoid and lichenoid chronic dermatosis of Sulzberger and Garbe.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.026832431016737keywords = lichen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/7. The treatment of balanitis xerotica obliterans with testosterone propionate ointment.balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) and kraurosis penis are thought to be synonymous. Clinically and histopathologically they probably represent the same disease process as lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) but also involve the urethral mucosa. The treatment of choice is considered to be 2 1/2% testosterone propionate ointment which gives better results than strong corticosteroid applications, yet without their side effects.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.99105585632775keywords = lichen sclerosus, sclerosus, lichen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/7. lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, multiple dysplastic keratoses, and squamous-cell carcinoma of the glans penis.A man who had been circumcised in adulthood developed, in sequence, balanitis xerotica obliterans (lichen sclerosus et atrophicus), multiple dysplastic keratoses, and a superficial, well-differentiated squamous-cell carcinoma on the glans penis. Squamous-cell carcinoma that develops after circumcision in adulthood tends to be more aggressive in biologic behavior and more malignant-looking in histology. Cancer developing within lesions of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus has been reported rarely.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.9263442201671keywords = lichen sclerosus, sclerosus, lichen (Clic here for more details about this article) |