1/13. "Growing fontanelle": a serious complication of difficult vacuum extraction.Growing skull fractures in combination with leptomeningeal cysts are well known in childhood. A rare case of a growing fontanelle due to a leptomeningeal cyst is presented. The cyst occurred due to a traumatic delivery with vacuum extraction. Operative repair of the cyst revealed a dural tear at the border of the fontanelle. The imaging findings are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = leptomeningeal cyst, leptomeningeal, cyst (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/13. Chiari malformation and syringomyelia in monozygotic twins: birth injury as a possible cause of syringomyelia--case report.A 26-year-old female, the elder of monozygotic twins, presented with slow progressive numbness and pain in her left arm. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed syringomyelia with Chiari malformation. The patient's birth had been difficult with prolonged delivery time, breech delivery, and neonatal asphyxia. MR imaging of the patient's twin sister showed mild tonsillar ectopia, but absence of syringomyelia. This younger sister was born without problems. The patient underwent syringosubarachnoid shunt at the C5-6 level. The syrinx was collapsed promptly, and her symptoms disappeared. This case of syringomyelia with Chiari malformation in one of twins suggests that birth injury is likely to be a cause of the pathogenesis of syringomyelia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.00055288978143176keywords = arachnoid (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/13. spinal cord injury in the newborn infant.Birth injury to the spinal cord secondary to traction forces during delivery is a common but frequently undiagnosed disorder. The injury usually affects the cervicodorsal junction, with both extradural hematoma and direct cord damage at that level. Clinical findings of a paraplegic infant with abdominal breathing are sometimes obscured by secondary pneumonia and/or hypoxia. Radiologic manifestations include a bell shaped chest indicative of loss of the external muscles of respiration; spinal roentgenograms are usually normal. myelography in neonatal spinal injury demonstrates a block in the subarachnoid space; infrequently localized cord atrophy may be identified.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.00055288978143176keywords = arachnoid (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/13. Cervicothoracic extradural arachnoid cyst: possible association with obstetric brachial plexus palsy.The association of cervicothoracic extradural arachnoid cysts and obstetric brachial plexus palsy has not previously been reported. We report two patients with this association. The first patient is a 9-month-old boy with left obstetric brachial plexus palsy that developed bilateral leg weakness at 6 months of age owing to compression of the spinal cord by a C6 to T8 left cervicothoracic extradural arachnoid cyst. The second patient is a 3-year-old girl with bilateral brachial plexus palsy and spastic paraparesis who had magnetic resonance imaging at 3 days of age that showed intraspinal cord injury and a cervicothoracic extradural arachnoid cyst compressing the spinal cord. We believe that the association of cervicothoracic epidural arachnoid cysts and obstetric brachial plexus palsy in these patients was causal and recommend that the possibility of a cervicothoracic epidural arachnoid cyst be considered in patients with brachial plexus palsy and evidence of spinal cord injury.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0093851043931436keywords = arachnoid, arachnoid cyst, cyst (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/13. Leptomeningeal cyst: early diagnosis by color Doppler imaging.A newborn with a leptomeningeal cyst over the anterior fontanelle due to birth trauma is described. color Doppler flow sonograms were helpful to diagnose the leptomeningocele in its early stages and to differentiate it from a cephalhematoma or subgaleal haemorrhage by demonstrating cerebro-fugal flow in an arterial connection between the extracranial fluid collection and the dural space.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.50003930694382keywords = leptomeningeal cyst, leptomeningeal, cyst (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/13. On the management of neonatal tentorial damage. Eight case reports and a review of the literature.From the history of 15 personal patients--8 reported here in extenso--and from 63 patients in the literature with the diagnosis of posterior fossa subdural haemorrhage during life, we discuss the possibility of detecting tentorial damage on computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) scan. The association of a (peri)cerebellar haemorrhage with peritentorial bleeding around the straight sinus and a subdural haemorrhage between both occipital cerebral lobes is suggestive of tentorial laceration(s). Both coronal CT scan and sagittal US scan are very helpful in locating these haemorrhages near the falco-tentorial junction. The conservative management of one of our infants with very extensive but asymmetric posterior fossa haemorrhage, leading to resorptive hydrocephalus, is compared with both surgical and conservative treatment of patients from the literature. Two reasons that warrant neurosurgical intervention are: life-threatening brain-stem compression--as in one of our own patients--and acute obstructive hydrocephalus. craniotomy of the posterior fossa within the neonatal period does not prevent later-onset resorptive hydrocephalus. The communicating nature of this latter process is adequately demonstrated by lumbar isotope cisternography. Finally, neonatal posterior fossa subdural haemorrhage is one of the many causes of cyst-like structures behind the cerebellum.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.3102314606409E-5keywords = cyst (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/13. "Congenital" hematic cyst of the orbit.A case of true hematic cyst of the orbit in a 10-year-old girl, apparently resulting from birth trauma, is presented. Ultrasonic and clinical features believed to aid the examiner in correctly diagnosing such a lesion are presented. While apparently unique among reported cases, "congenital" hematic cysts of the orbit undoubtedly occur occasionally and the possibility of this entity should be considered in appropriate circumstances.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7.8613887638453E-5keywords = cyst (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/13. Laminar scars in cerebral white matter: a perinatal injury due to edema.Branched plate-like demyelinated lesions were present in the gyral and central white matter of two individuals, 3 and 54 years of age. The degenerated areas contained very few axons and were densely gliotic, and in the older case, contained connective tissue fibers and were continuous with a large parenchymal cyst. The lesions were covered on both sides by normally myelinated white matter, often representing only the subcortical arcuate white matter, occasionally being considerably broader. In some of the latter zones, there was a central area of less severe degeneration which, however, spared the arcuate zone which remained normal. It is suggested that these lesions represent the effects of edema induced by birth injury, under circumstances which permitted the continued formation and maturation of white matter after the edema had subsided. The edema is thought due for the most part to diffuse hypoxia and acidosis, but other mechanisms, such as infection, venous stasis and trauma, may have contributed to the pathogenesis of the edema, and to the lesions directly.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.3102314606409E-5keywords = cyst (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/13. Pulmonary and systemic cerebellar tissue embolism due to birth injury.Brain tissue embolism in the coronary, leptomeningeal and pulmonary arteries was discovered microscopically following the autopsy of a female newborn. death occurred 8 h after breech delivery, which had been complicated by both arms being turned up beside the head. The dislodged brain tissue originated from the left cerebellar hemisphere and had entered the venous blood stream through a rupture of the left sinus transversus. Both "paradoxical" systemic and pulmonary artery embolization ensued. The baby died from the combined effects of cerebral haemorrhage, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction and shock.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.00049381846284667keywords = leptomeningeal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/13. Multicystic encephalomalacia of infancy: clinico-pathological report of 7 cases.Clinical follow up and complete neuropathological examination was made on seven cases of multicystic encephalomalacia of infancy. Etiological factors were carefully studied in all the cases. They consisted of prenatal injuries presenting as a cord prolapse, in 3 cases; prolonged labour with marked cyanosis; abdominal trauma during gestation, and various maternal infections at different stages of pregnancy. Pathological interest is centred on the variable involvement of different areas of the brain, generally sparing the cerebellum and brain stem, and being minimal or absent in the occipito-temporal areas. This distribution may be explained by a different effect of the "causal agency" on these different areas, or by a different capacity of these regions to react against injury. Among the etiological factors reviewed in the literature, the anoxic theory appears the most probable, as there was a close parallelism between lesions and vascular areas, mainly the carotid and vertebro-basilar systems.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6.5511573032044E-5keywords = cyst (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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