1/35. Pineal cyst presenting with intracystic and subarachnoid haemorrhage: report of a case and review of the literature.A case of a benign pineal cyst in a 70-year-old man who presented with hydrocephalus and apoplexy is reported. Surgical exploration revealed subarachnoid and intracystic haemorrhage. The patient also had bilateral impairment of hearing which improved after excision of the cyst. patients with a pineal cyst with apoplexy or subarachnoid bleed reported in the literature are reviewed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/35. Papillary endothelial hyperplasia associated with cortical dysplasia.We report a unique case of papillary endothelial hyperplasia (PEH) presenting as a subcortical mass lesion intimately associated with focal cortical dysplasia (CD) and consider a possible causal relationship. A 6-year old girl presented with a 6-month history of a painless, frontoparietal skull "bump" associated with slowly progressive localised bossing followed by a 4-month history of absence attacks. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an adjacent parietal enhancing mass lesion beneath abnormal appearing cortex. A haemorrhagic vascular lesion with histology consistent with that of papillary endothelial hyperplasia was completely resected. Biopsies of the adjacent cortex showed CD. The patient has been symptom free post-surgery for 12 months with no MRI evidence of recurrence. Intracranial PEH is very rare and, in contrast to extracranial examples, half of the reported cases lacked a demonstrable vascular origin. Given that CD may be associated with intrinsic capillary hypervascularity, vascular malformations and tumours (e.g. dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour) of a potential hypervascular or haemorrhagic nature, the association between PEH and CD may not be incidental. The abnormal vascularity not uncommonly found in CD may predispose to haemorrhage and/or thrombosis, the organisation of which may rarely be complicated by PEH. Alternatively, PEH and CD may both represent local, independent complications of a pre-existing vascular event or trauma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/35. Cerebral gnathostomiasis as a cause of an extended intracranial bleeding.This is a report of a fourteen year old Thai-girl who presented with acute hemiparesis because of intracranial haemorrhage six weeks after immigrating to germany. Marked blood eosinophilia and raised IgE in serum in comparison with her origin led to the suspected diagnosis of parasitosis. angiography showed mycotic aneurysm typical for cerebral gnathostomiasis one of the major causes of intracranial haemorrhage in children in thailand. This diagnosis was confirmed by detecting specific antibodies against gnathostoma spinigerum in serum and CSF by Western blot. Therapy was started with albendazole and dexamethasone and the girl made a complete recovery. In case of intracranial haemorrhage cerebral gnathostomiasis should be considered if the patient originates from an endemic area.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.6keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/35. Subacute diencephalic angioencephalopathy: an entity similar to angiodysgenetic necrotizing encephalopathy and Foix-Alajouanine disease.A previously healthy 58-year-old man developed neurological illness with progressive dementia, hallucinations, central motor and vegetative impairment which led to death in 14 weeks. autopsy revealed lesions in a symmetrical centrencephalic distribution. Inner cerebral veins and arteries were surrounded by extravasation of plasma and perivascular haemorrhage and were thickened by fibrous scarring and muscle fibre proliferation. Necrotized blood vessels were also found. The parenchyma was damaged by incomplete to complete necrosis. The age and sex of the patient, the progressive clinical course, the increase of cerebrospinal fluid protein, and the histopathology of the lesion show some similarities to angiodysgenetic necrotizing encephalopathy and spinal Foix-Alajouanine disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/35. Transient musical hallucinosis of central origin: a review and clinical study.A 52 year old, right handed, hearing impaired woman was admitted with headache and neck stiffness. The only neuropsychological symptom was transient auditory perceptions in the left ear, which were musical, seemed familiar and were not influenced by verbal communication. CT and MRI showed a right subarachnoid haemorrhage, while brainstem auditory evoked potentials failed to reveal a brainstem lesion. In patients with organic cerebral disease, unilateral auditory hallucinations (AHs) may indicate a lesion in the contralateral hemisphere. However, according to this review the type of AHs (verbal versus musical) is not consistently associated with a cerebral lesion on either side.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/35. Novel mutations in three families confirm a major role of COL4A1 in hereditary porencephaly.BACKGROUND: Porencephaly (cystic cavities of the brain) is caused by perinatal vascular accidents from various causes. Several familial cases have been described and autosomal dominant inheritance linked to chromosome 13q has been suggested. COL4A1 is an essential component in basal membrane stability. Mouse mutants bearing an in-frame deletion of exon 40 of Col4a1 either die from haemorrhage in the perinatal period or have porencephaly in survivors. A report of inherited mutations in COL4A1 in two families has shown that familial porencephaly may have the same cause in humans. OBJECTIVE: To describe three novel COL4A1 mutations. RESULTS: The three mutations occurred in three unrelated Dutch families. There were two missense mutations of glycine residues predicted to result in abnormal collagen IV assembly, and one mutation predicted to abolish the traditional COL4A1 start codon. The last mutation was also present in an asymptomatic obligate carrier with white matter abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSIONS: This observation confirms COL4A1 as a major locus for genetic predisposition to perinatal cerebral haemorrhage and porencephaly and suggests variable expression of COL4A1 mutations.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.4keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/35. cerebral amyloid angiopathy and spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. Report of a sporadic case in a young Chinese.A 49-year-old Chinese male with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage due to cerebral amyloid angiopathy is presented. This is the first case reported in the Chinese population, and the youngest patient described without a family history or associated mental disorder.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/35. Exchange transfusion of a patient with fulminant lassa fever.We report a patient with fulminant lassa fever who responded dramatically to a 2.5-litre exchange transfusion of whole blood. On admission he was semicomatose with facial oedema and oral haemorrhage; his platelets showed markedly depressed aggregation to ADP; and his plasma inhibited the aggregation responses of normal platelets in vitro. Exchange transfusion resulted in rapid clinical improvement, recovery of platelet function, and disappearance of platelet-inhibitory activity in plasma. The patient died 2 weeks later from an acute encephalopathy. His initial response was sufficiently impressive to suggest that further evaluation of this therapeutic approach is justified in selected patients with overwhelming lassa virus infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/35. Neurological complications associated with sickle cell anaemia: an experience at the Aga Khan Hospital, Nairobi.Over a period of 18 months, six patients with sickle cell anaemia and neurological complications were seen. Four had acute hemiplegia, one had epilepsy and mental changes and the sixth had cerebral haemorrhage and died in the acute phase. Two patients with hemiplegia had recurrences and three were associated with convulsions and/or aphasia. Three of the patients had fever at presentation while the other three were well at the time of the neurological complication. Two patients had not been diagnosed as sicklers previously. A brief review of the literature on neurological disease in sickle cell anaemia is included.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/35. Subarachnoid haemorrhage in plasmodium falciparum malaria.A 41 year old man with cerebral malaria was found to have numerous bilateral retinal haemorrhages and very high parasitaemia. Despite intensive treatment his condition deteriorated and he died. autopsy showed subarachnoid haemorrhage, which has not been previously described in cerebral malaria.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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