1/133. Two similar cases of encephalopathy, possibly a reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome: serial findings of magnetic resonance imaging, SPECT and angiography.Two young women who had encephalopathy that resembled reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome are presented. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of these patients exhibited similar T2-high signal lesions, mostly in the white matter of the posterior hemispheres. Xe-SPECT during the patients' symptomatic period showed hypoperfusion in the corresponding areas, and angiography demonstrated irregular narrowing of the posterior cerebral artery. Clinical manifestations subsided soon after treatment, and the abnormal radiological findings also were almost completely resolved. Thus, we concluded that transient hypoperfusion followed by ischemia and cytotoxic edema might have had a pivotal role in these cases.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = encephalopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/133. Lethal encephalopathy complicating childhood shigellosis.A 6-year-old girl is described who died following rapid neurological deterioration, ending in lethal cerebral oedema. Despite the absence of severe intestinal and metabolic derangement, shigella was cultured from the stool. Toxic encephalopathy is responsible for death following this rare complication of childhood shigellosis in developed countries. The pathophysiology is unknown. CONCLUSION: Lethal toxic encephalopathy can be caused by shigella despite the absence of severe intestinal and metabolic derangement. If shigelllosis is suspected, headache may be a first significant sign for the development of toxic encephalopathy. Early recognition and rapid measures to prevent brain oedema may improve outcome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.7keywords = encephalopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/133. Vasogenic edema on MELAS: a serial study with diffusion-weighted MR imaging.The authors performed a serial study of a patient with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like syndrome (MELAS) who presented with diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI). DWI demonstrated a higher apparent diffusion coefficient in the lesion than in the control region during the acute stage of stroke. Vasogenic edema is present in stroke-like episodes in MELAS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.1keywords = encephalopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/133. Van der Knaap's vacuolating leukoencephalopathy: two additional cases.We present two new cases with infantile-onset megalencephaly and a characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern including severe white-matter abnormalities and subcortical cysts. In one of the patients MRI at the early age of 9 months showed pronounced white matter swelling. In another patient the swelling of white matter was less pronounced at 12 years of age.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.4keywords = encephalopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/133. hypertensive encephalopathy: complication in children treated for myeloproliferative disorders--report of three cases.We routinely perform echo-planar diffusion-weighted sequences in all brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies. When three children undergoing chemotherapy for acute leukemia presented with seizures, conventional MR images demonstrated what appeared to be acute, posterior, parasagittal infarcts. However, diffusion-weighted images were normal. These MR imaging findings were consistent with those of hypertensive encephalopathy. Early recognition and treatment of minimal hypertension in these patients allows reversal of encephalopathy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.6keywords = encephalopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/133. diffusion-weighted images and vasogenic edema in eclampsia.BACKGROUND: In eclampsia, it is mandatory to recognize specific cerebrovascular complications before initiation of treatment. diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a new technique that differentiates between cerebral infarction and hypertensive encephalopathy with vasogenic edema. CASE: A 23-year-old primigravida developed eclampsia at 29 weeks' gestation. Focal neurologic signs and neuroimaging findings by computed tomography and MRI were consistent with acute infarction or vasogenic edema. diffusion-weighted MRI did not show an abnormal signal, indicating vasogenic edema. Control of the severe hypertension without anticoagulation therapy was begun. After delivery, the woman's neurologic abnormalities disappeared. CONCLUSION: diffusion-weighted MRI differentiated between cerebral infarction and vasogenic edema, helping in the management of eclampsia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.1keywords = encephalopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/133. High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE): the Denver/Front Range experience.High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a potentially fatal metabolic encephalopathy associated with a time-dependent exposure to the hypobaric hypoxia of altitude. Symptoms commonly are headache, ataxia, and confusion progressing to stupor and coma. HACE is often preceded by symptoms of acute mountain sickness and coupled, in its severe form, with high-altitude pulmonary edema. Although HACE is mostly seen at altitudes above that of the Denver/Front Range visitor-skier locations, we report our observations over a 13-year period of skier-visitor HACE patients. It is believed that this is a form of vasogenic edema, and it is responsive to expeditious treatment with a successful outcome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.1keywords = encephalopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/133. Partial seizures in leukoencephalopathy with swelling and a discrepantly mild clinical course.We report a patient with 'Leukoencephalopathy with swelling and a discrepantly mild clinical course', an entity of leukoencephalopathy recently clarified. Our patient presented with complex partial seizures in addition to characteristic radiological findings and clinical course. A review of the literature revealed that this new neurodegenerative disease complicates epilepsy in more than half of the patients, and that partial components in the seizure symptomatology are not infrequent.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.6keywords = encephalopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/133. False subarachnoid hemorrhage in anoxic encephalopathy with brain swelling.The authors present two comatose patients with brain swelling from anoxic encephalopathy. Nonenhanced computed tomography (CT) images showed increased density on the falx, on the tentorium, and in the basal cisterns, all of which falsely suggested subarachnoid hemorrhage. autopsy in both patients failed to show subarachnoid hemorrhage. In rare circumstances, anoxic encephalopathy can mimic subarachnoid hemorrhage on nonenhanced CT.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.6keywords = encephalopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/133. Acute changes in cerebral blood flow and metabolism during portasystemic shunting.This report describes the instantaneous changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), determined by intravascular ultrasound and Doppler, in a patient with cirrhosis undergoing placement of a transjugular intrahepatic stent-shunt for uncontrolled variceal bleeding. Acute changes in CBF were observed during and after portasystemic shunting, which culminated in cerebral edema and cerebral herniation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.00021041155756185keywords = hepatic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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