1/84. Natural course of combined limb and palatal tremor caused by cerebellar-brain stem infarction.After infarction of the left superior cerebellar peduncle and dentate nucleus, a patient developed tremor of the left upper limb beginning on the twelfth day followed by palatal tremor appearing 10 months after infarction. Surface electromyogram revealed a difference in the frequency of the tremor in the upper limb and soft palate. When the palatal tremor appeared, brain magnetic resonance T2-weighted images revealed high signal intensity of the contralateral, right inferior olivary nucleus. Subsequently, when the amplitude of palatal tremor became less severe, the high olivary signal intensity subsided whereas the hypertrophy of the nucleus remained. This patient provides useful information on the pathogenesis of skeletal and palatal tremor with brain stem or cerebellar lesions based on the differences in the onset and frequency of tremors and morphologic changes in the inferior olive.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/84. Brain infarcts due to scorpion stings in children: MRI.We report two children with severe neurological complications after having been stung by a scorpion. Clinical and MRI findings suggested brain infarcts. The lesions seen were in pons in one child and the right hemisphere in the other. The latter also showed possible hyperemia in the infarcted area. No vascular occlusions were observed and we therefore think the brain infarcts were a consequence of the scorpion sting. The cause of the infarct may be hypotension, shock or depressed left ventricular function, all of which are frequent in severe poisoning by scorpion sting.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/84. Knowing no fear.People with brain injuries involving the amygdala are often poor at recognizing facial expressions of fear, but the extent to which this impairment compromises other signals of the emotion of fear has not been clearly established. We investigated N.M., a person with bilateral amygdala damage and a left thalamic lesion, who was impaired at recognizing fear from facial expressions. N.M. showed an equivalent deficit affecting fear recognition from body postures and emotional sounds. His deficit of fear recognition was not linked to evidence of any problem in recognizing anger (a common feature in other reports), but for his everyday experience of emotion N.M. reported reduced anger and fear compared with neurologically normal controls. These findings show a specific deficit compromising the recognition of the emotion of fear from a wide range of social signals, and suggest a possible relationship of this type of impairment with alterations of emotional experience.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/84. Massive cerebral embolization: successful treatment with retrograde perfusion.stroke is an unpredictable and morbid complication of cardiac operations. We report a patient who suffered massive bilateral cerebral embolization during aortic cannulation for coronary bypass. This was treated successfully with hypothermic circulatory arrest and high flow retrograde cerebral perfusion. The patient suffered only minimal neurologic impairment and improved rapidly. She was discharged home on postoperative day 7 neurologically intact.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 12.546553924652keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/84. Bilateral ptosis with pupil sparing because of a discrete midbrain lesion: magnetic resonance imaging evidence of topographic arrangement within the oculomotor nerve.The topographic arrangement within the midbrain oculomotor nerve is not adequately elucidated in humans. Two patients with a partial oculomotor palsy because of a localized infarction or hematoma were treated. Both patients had bilateral ptosis, impaired adduction, and supraduction. One patient had impaired infraduction and pupillary involvement on one side. Results of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed discrete lesions at the dorsal midbrain tegmentum that spared the rostral midbrain. The authors' cases elucidate that pupillary components take the most rostral course. This report provides indirect magnetic resonance imaging evidence to prove the course of pupillary fibers. Based on the different neuro-ophthalmologic findings in the authors' cases (sparing or affecting pupillary component and infraduction), the nerves of the inferior rectus and inferior oblique for infraduction pass more rostrally than those of medial rectus, superior rectus, and levator palpebrae. The nuclear and fascicular arrangement within the midbrain oculomotor nerve is speculated to be pupillary, extraocular, and eyelid elevation in the rostro-caudal order, based on the neuro-ophthalmologic impairment and magnetic resonance imaging findings in the authors' patients and in previous animal experiments. Knowing the fascicular and nuclear arrangement within the midbrain in detail will offer diagnostic clues for differentiation of causes for partial oculomotor palsy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/84. Involuntary masturbation as a manifestation of stroke-related alien hand syndrome.alien hand syndrome is a perplexing and uncommon clinical diagnosis. We report an unusual manifestation of alien hand syndrome in a 73-yr-old man with a right anterior cerebral artery infarct affecting the right medial frontal cortex and the anterior portion of the corpus callosum. We conclude that alien hand syndrome should be considered in patients who present with a feeling of alienation of one or both upper limbs accompanied by complex purposeful involuntary movement.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.0910923207753keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/84. Postanoxic parkinsonism: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic correlation.The authors report a 72-year-old patient who presented with parkinsonism after hypoxic-ischemic insult. T1-weighted MRI revealed high signal intensity lesions in the basal ganglia. Pathologic study of the brain disclosed multiple foci of old infarcts with gliosis and lipid-laden and hemosiderin-laden macrophages, indicating a previous minor hemorrhage after infarction. This observation provided pathologic correlation with the patient's clinical symptoms and MRI.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/84. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome manifested as a postoperative cerebrovascular event in a child.Perioperative cerebrovascular events are exceedingly uncommon in pediatric patients. The etiology of such problems includes emboli from intracardiac thrombi, sickle cell disease, vascular anomalies, vasculitis affecting the cerebral vasculature, and prothrombotic states. We describe a 6-year-old boy who had right-sided hemiparesis on the second postoperative day after an uneventful patch angioplasty for renal artery stenosis. Workup revealed a possible hypercoagulable state due to an anticardiolipin antibody. The pathogenesis of the anticardiolipin antibody syndrome, its clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and potential treatment strategies are reviewed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.0910923207753keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/84. Total recovery after bilateral paramedian thalamic infarct.Bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts are characterised initially by the association of acute vigilance disorders and vertical gaze palsy, followed by persisting dementia with severe mnemic disturbance, global aspontaneity and apathy. We describe a patient with a dramatic neuropsychological recovery, confirmed by testing examination and completed by a cerebral metabolism study. The pathophysiology of this type of cognitive deficit is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.0910923207753keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/84. Alexia without agraphia: a century later.A case of alexia without agraphia is presented. It is a rare but classic disconnection syndrome, first described by Dejerine in 1892. Recent advances in modern neuroimaging techniques such as FLAIR MRI can now localise in vivo the site of origin of the syndrome, especially when computerised axial tomogram of the brain is normal.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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