1/78. Constrictive bronchiolitis and ulcerative colitis.Pulmonary complications occur in an estimated 0.21% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The most common presentation of pulmonary manifestations is large airway disease, such as tracheobronchitis, chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis. Small airway disease, such as constrictive bronchiolitis or bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia, is less frequently reported, and is described as occurring in isolation from large airway disease. A case of a postcolectomy ulcerative colitis in a patient who has both large airway involvement, tracheobronchitis and bronchiectasis, and constrictive bronchiolitis is presented.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = airway (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/78. mucormycosis of the central airways: CT findings in three patients.Computed tomographic (CT) findings are described in three diabetic patients with central airways mucormycosis. The CT findings of the tracheobronchial mucormycosis include enhancing areas of mural thickening (n = 3), luminal narrowing (n = 3), intramural air (n = 3), low-attenuation nonenhancing bronchial wall thickening (n = 2), and bronchonodal fistula formation (n = 1). These CT features in a diabetic patient should raise a high index of suspicion for tracheobronchial mucormycosis, particularly when typical radiographic features of pulmonary tuberculosis are absent.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.25keywords = airway (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/78. bronchiectasis: the 'other' obstructive lung disease.bronchiectasis belongs to the family of chronic obstructive lung diseases, even though it is much less common than asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema. Clinical features of these entities overlap significantly. The triad of chronic cough, sputum production, and hemoptysis always should bring bronchiectasis to mind as a possible cause. Chronic airway inflammation leads to bronchial dilation and destruction, resulting in recurrent sputum overproduction and pneumonitis. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, any potential predisposing conditions should be aggressively sought. The relapsing nature of bronchiectasis can be controlled with antibiotics, chest physiotherapy, inhaled bronchodilators, proper hydration, and good nutrition. In rare circumstances, surgical resection or bilateral lung transplantation may be the only option available for improving quality of life. prognosis is generally good but varies with the underlying syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = airway (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/78. Herpetic tracheitis and brachial plexus neuropathy in a child with burns.Herpetic tracheobronchitis is a well-recognized clinical entity that most commonly occurs in immunocompromised patients, including patients with burns. Although the diagnosis of herpetic tracheobronchitis is usually not made until postmortem examination, the presence of the condition can be established when histologic specimens of a patient with upper airway obstruction are studied. In this article, a case is described in which a child developed herpetic tracheitis after undergoing elective intubation after the grafting of burns of the face, neck, and upper extremity. The tracheitis resulted in severe upper airway obstruction that required tracheal dilatation and sequential bronchoscopic excisions of granulation tissue. The patient also developed a brachial plexus neuropathy that was most likely related to herpetic infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.5359802548365keywords = airway obstruction, airway, obstruction (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/78. Successful treatment of post-influenza pseudomembranous necrotising bronchial aspergillosis with liposomal amphotericin, inhaled amphotericin b, gamma interferon and GM-CSF.A case of aspergillus tracheobronchitis following influenza A infection in an immunocompetent 35 year old woman is described that required prolonged mechanical ventilation for airways obstruction. Treatment included liposomal amphotericin, inhaled amphotericin, gamma interferon and GM-CSF. Liposomal amphotericin therapy was associated with reversible hepatosplenomegaly. Inhaled corticosteroids with continued antifungal therapy were used for the management of severe recurrent airway obstruction. After a prolonged course of treatment she survived with fixed airways obstruction unresponsive to corticosteroids.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.4101186153408keywords = airway obstruction, airway, obstruction (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/78. Lingeous conjunctivitis with tracheal obstruction. A case report, with light and electron microscopy findings.A white male infant of 1 year had unilateral membranous conjunctivitis and severe laryngotracheobronchitis which required tracheostomy. Cultures from eye and throat swabs and of fluid suctioned through the tracheostomy grew many organisms, including H. influenzae, adenovirus type 3, and candida species, but he had no specific immunologic disturbance. Ligneous conjunctivitis was diagnosed. The infant's general condition responded slowly to intensive therapy but the membrane continued to slough off the regrow. The excised membrane contained massive subepithelial deposits of eosinophilic material and a moderately vascular chronic inflammatory-cell infiltrate with numerous mast cells in the perivascular spaces and the hyaline membrane. The conjunctivitis cleared when treated with topical sodium cromoglycate (Intal), a known inhibitor of mediator release from mast-cell granules. The success of Intal therapy in this case supports the theory that mast cells are involved in the pathogenesis of ligneous conjunctivitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.28425697584498keywords = obstruction (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/78. Development of irreversible airflow obstruction in a patient with eosinophilic bronchitis without asthma.Eosinophilic bronchitis is a recently described condition presenting with chronic cough and sputum eosinophilia without the abnormalities of airway function seen in asthma. The patient, a 48-yr-old male who had never smoked, presented with an isolated chronic cough. He had normal spirometric values, peak flow variability and airway responsiveness, but an induced sputum eosinophil count of 33% (normal <1%). Although his cough improved with inhaled corticosteroids the sputum eosinophilia persisted. Over 2 yrs he developed airflow obstruction, which did not improve following nebulized bronchodilators and a 2-week course of prednisolone 30 mg once daily sufficient to return the sputum eosinophilia to normal (0.5%). It is suggested that the progressive irreversible airflow obstruction was due to persistent structural change to the airway secondary to eosinophilic airway inflammation, and it is further speculated that eosinophilic bronchitis may be a prelude to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in some patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.4263854637675keywords = airway, obstruction (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/78. Acute epiglottitis despite vaccination with haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine.We present the case of a 20-month-old child who required admission to the intensive care with a presumptive diagnosis of acute laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis, for the management of acute upper airway obstruction. This child had received a complete course of haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine. Subsequent events showed that the diagnosis was not laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis but acute epiglottitis. We propose that a full course of vaccination is no guarantee against a subsequent illness with Hib and may actually lead to the wrong diagnosis and possibly life-threatening consequences.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.7679901274183keywords = airway obstruction, airway, obstruction (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/78. Plastic bronchitis occurring late after the fontan procedure: treatment with aerosolized urokinase.OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of aerosolized urokinase in a patient with plastic bronchitis after a fontan procedure. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Pediatric intensive care unit in a university-affiliated children's hospital. patients: Report of one patient with acute respiratory failure secondary to plastic bronchitis. INTERVENTIONS: Aerosolized urokinase, multiple bronchoscopies, corticosteroids, mucolytics, bronchodilators, and atrial pacing. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: airway obstruction secondary to recurring casts improved with the treatments. Histologic analysis of the casts demonstrated less fibrin after treatments with aerosolized urokinase. No adverse events were noted. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of aerosolized urokinase to this patient's treatment regimen helped to resolve life-threatening airway obstruction secondary to fibrin casts.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.8390543713795keywords = airway obstruction, airway, obstruction (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/78. Pseudomembranous aspergillus bronchitis in a double-lung transplanted patient: unusual radiographic and CT features.Pseudomembranous aspergillus bronchitis is considered as an early form of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, a well-known airway infection in immunocompromised patients. Radiologic features concerning invasive aspergillosis of the airways have been reported. However, we describe here an unusual feature of invasive aspergillus bronchitis, never reported to date, observed in a double-lung transplanted patient. Chest radiograph and CT revealed significant peribronchial thickening without any parenchymal involvement.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = airway (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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