1/7. burning mouth syndrome after taking clonazepam.OBJECTIVE: To report the first published case of clonazepam-induced burning mouth syndrome (BMS). CASE SUMMARY: A 52-year-old white woman presented to the clinic with burning mouth symptoms. The patient was previously maintained on alprazolam therapy for anxiety, but was switched to clonazepam because of increased anxiety and panic. clonazepam significantly relieved her symptoms, but after four weeks of therapy, she reported a constant, mild, oral burning sensation. An oral examination was negative for mucosal abnormalities, and laboratory tests were unremarkable. The clonazepam dose was reduced, and the symptoms decreased, but remained intolerable. clonazepam was discontinued, and the burning mouth symptoms completely resolved. Since no other medications relieved the anxiety and panic symptoms, the patient requested clonazepam to be reinitiated, but she again developed intolerable burning mouth symptoms. As clonazepam was discontinued, the symptoms resolved. DISCUSSION: The clinical presentation of BMS includes burning and painful sensations of the mouth in the absence of mucosal abnormalities. candidiasis, anemia, menopause, diabetes mellitus, medications, anxiety, and depression are some causes of this syndrome. Paradoxically, clonazepam has been studied for the treatment of BMS and has demonstrated mild to moderate improvement. In this patient, underlying causes of BMS were eliminated when possible. The association between clonazepam and BMS was highly probable according to the Naranjo probability scale. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first published report describing BMS with a benzodiazepine. Although uncommon, clinicians should be aware of this potential adverse effect due to the widespread use of benzodiazepines.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mucosa (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/7. lisinopril-induced "scalded mouth syndrome".OBJECTIVE: To report a case of "scalded mouth syndrome" (SMS) caused by lisinopril. PATIENT: A woman being treated with lisinopril for hypertension developed a burning sensation of her lips and buccal mucosa. The condition persisted with continued use of lisinopril and subsided when the medication was discontinued. CONCLUSIONS: The symptoms described by our patient were similar to those reported in previous cases of SMS associated with the use of enalapril and captopril, two other angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. This reaction to ACE inhibitors appears to be dose related, and subsides with a decreased dosage or discontinuation of the medication.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = mucosa (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/7. Recovery from mercury-induced burning mouth syndrome due to mercury allergy.We report a case in which burning mouth syndrome (BMS) was associated with a strong allergy to mercury. The aim of this case history is to strengthen knowledge of the relationship among allergy to mercury, systemic allergic contact dermatitis, and hypersensitivity of the oral mucosa. We performed series of standard and dental patch tests for screening for contact allergy to dental materials, in accordance with International Contact dermatitis research Group guidelines. Positive extreme allergic reactions to mercury ( ) and amalgam ( ) were seen at the patch site and caused a flare-up of the systemic erythematous reaction. Full recovery from BMS and complete remission of systemic dermatitis were achieved after the mercury tooth filling was removed. mercury is thought to be an allergen implicated in BMS as well as in the systemic reactivation of allergic contact dermatitis. Patch testing with dental series seems to have greater sensitivity and relevance in BMS patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = mucosa (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/7. Peanut sensitivity as a cause of burning mouth.A patient with a history of a burning tongue together with discomfort of the labial and buccal mucosae was given an elimination diet and skin patch tests to determine the allergen in her diet. The patient was identified as being intolerant of an aqueous peanut extract. Three allergens in peanut butter were identified, the one with greatest reactivity being a heat-stable, water-soluble, nonglycosylated protein with a molecular weight in excess of 10 kD. Modification of her diet has resulted in resolution of the oral problem.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = mucosa (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/7. Skin sensitivity to denture base materials in the burning mouth syndrome.The significance of sensitizing compounds in the denture base for the etiology of the burning mouth syndrome (BMS) has been studied in 53 denture-wearing persons, seven males and 46 females. Epicutaneous patch tests were performed with standard concentrations of benzoyl peroxide, dibutylphthalate, dimethyl-p-toluidine, formaldehyde, hydroquinone, methylmethacrylate, p-phenylendiamine and with cadmium sulfate, potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride and nickel sulfate. Furthermore, patch testing was performed with filings from the denture mixed with the patient's own saliva. In cases with an inflamed oral mucosa, the presence of hyphae of candida albicans was assessed by a smear technique. Positive skin reactions were observed in 15 persons to dimethyl-p-toluidine, hydroquinone, formaldehyde, methylmethacrylate, p-phenylendiamine, potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride and nickel sulfate, including three cases with reactions to filings from their dentures, and one patient who after subsequent testing showed skin sensitivity to balsam of peru. In 12 cases an etiological connection could be traced between the oral symptoms and the denture base, indicating that contact sensitivity to base materials or to allergens and microbial antigens on the denture plate plays a greater role in the pathogenesis of BMS in edentulous persons than previously suggested.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = mucosa (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/7. Oral allergy syndrome induced by chestnut (Castanea sativa)BACKGROUND: Oral allergy syndrome is a distinctive type of allergy to food resulting from direct contact between food and the oral mucosa. Normally, it affects patients who are allergic to pollens. It can be challenged by testing for hypersensitivity to fresh fruit or vegetables in well-known associations. Oral allergy syndrome rarely occurs in patients with other types of allergies, or to food not associated with pollens. Only occasionally does chestnut cause hypersensitivity. There are only a few reported cases, depending on cross-reactivity in previously latex-hypersensitive patients. Oral allergy syndrome to chestnut in a patient with respiratory allergy to Dermatophagoides is therefore unusual and worth reporting. OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical features and their differences from previously reported cases and to analyze the techniques and methodologic problems related to in vivo and in vitro diagnosis. methods: Case report. skin tests with commercial and freshly made extracts and by the prick-by-prick method. Challenge test. Specific IgE antibody assay. Prausnitz-Kustner reaction. RESULTS: The challenge with fresh food confirmed an oral allergy syndrome to chestnut. Clear symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma set in as well. skin tests with several commercial extracts and the prick-by-prick test were negative and so was specific IgE assay in serum by RAST and other immunoenzymatic methods. Skin prick test with a freshly prepared extract of fresh chestnut and the passive transfer reaction were positive. CONCLUSIONS: The case of oral allergy syndrome to chestnut reported here appears to be a manifestation of immediate IgE-dependent hypersensitivity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = mucosa (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/7. Five cases of burning lips syndrome.A recent retrospective study has suggested a new diagnostic entity called burning lips syndrome, which is distinct from burning mouth syndrome in that the burning sensation is generally limited to the lips, the labial mucosa is smooth and pale, the minor salivary glands of the lips are nonfunctional, and the syndrome presents with clinical symptoms. While burning mouth syndrome is more common in women, burning lips syndrome appears to affect men as often as it does women and typically occurs between 50 and 70 years of age. This article presents information on burning mouth syndrome as well as a prospective study of five cases used to evaluate the diagnosis of burning lips syndrome and its treatment with topical corticosteroids, which has been generally favorable.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = mucosa (Clic here for more details about this article) |