1/16. The effect of transfer factor on neutrophil function in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis with hypoparathyroidism in a 6-year-old-boy is described. In addition to defects of in vivo and in vitro correlates of delayed-type hypersensitivity to candida albicans the child also had abnormalities of neutrophil function in terms of their capacity to respond by chemotaxis to a known attractant and to kill suspensions of C. albicans. Dialysable transfer factor was given on six occasions at intervals of between 26 and 45 days. Neutrophil chemotaxis (optimal conditions) was restored following each of the six injections, neutrophil chemotaxis (sub-optimal conditions) following five of the six injections and candidicidal capacity following four of the six injections. The effects of transfer factor were transient requiring repeated injections. The Candida delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test was restored to normal but lymphocyte transformation to Candida extract was not consistently positive following treatment. There was a slight clinical improvement following therapy. These abnormalities of neutrophil and lymphocyte function point to the complexity of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. The improvement in neutrophil chemotaxis and candidicidal capacity following treatment suggests that transfer factor may be a heterogeneous group of molecules, some of which affect granulocytes and restore defects in their function.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mucocutaneous (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/16. Clinical and immunological improvement in a patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis treated with transfer factor.In a 19 year old patient suffering from CMC since the first months of life, clinical improvement accompanied by correction of the immunologic defect was achieved by transfer factor therapy. After 12 months from the last administration of transfer factor the improvement persisted. The positive outcome of the treatment in this disease is not constant. Possibly only patients with cellular immunologic defects are susceptible of a favourable response, moreover it is thinkable that the quality of transfer factor and the dosage administered must play a role.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.66666666666667keywords = mucocutaneous (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/16. Diffuse chronic granulomatous mucocutaneous candidiasis.A 3-year-old Thai boy with diffuse chronic granulomatous mucocutaneous candidiasis, recurrent bacterial skin infection and adrenal insufficiency is reported. candida albicans was demonstrated in the dermal granuloma. He had a defect in cell-mediated immunity and was anemic. Although therapy with topical clotrimazole, oral iron, systemic antibiotic and low-dose of prednisone gave a dramatic result, he died of disseminated cryptococcosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.83333333333333keywords = mucocutaneous (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/16. Cortisol-dihydrotachysterol antagonism in a patient with hypoparathyroidism and adrenal insufficiency: apparent inhibition of bone resorption.This report describes a case of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis with associated hypoparathyroidism and acutely developed adrenocortical insufficiency. The latter was heralded by hypercalcemia. Upon the institution of cortisol therapy, while still under the effects of a vitamin d analog dihydrotachysterol (DHT), the patient exhibited severe hypocalcemia and tetany. Since calcium intake was minimal during this period of presumed corticosteroid-DHT antagonism, it is suggested that the cortisol disturbed calcium homeostasis by in inhibiting bone calcium resorption.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = mucocutaneous (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/16. A case of candidal umbilical granuloma.A case is reported of a 14-year-old boy with a mass arising from the umbilicus, which was a large, well-organized candidal granuloma. Cell markers showed normal numbers and distribution of peripheral T and B lymphocytes but there was no reaction to intradermal injection of Candida, suggesting a specific T-cell defect such as occurs in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = mucocutaneous (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/16. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Immunologic studies of three generations of a single family.A family consisting of eight members in three generations (age 10 months to 53 years) affected with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis was studied along with three unaffected relatives. Dermatophytosis, loss of teeth and recurrent viral infections were present in some members. Results of tests for endocrinologic, muscle or liver disease, thymoma, iron deficiency, antitissue antibodies and malabsorption were normal in all patients. Antibody function and levels, B cell counts, serum complement, leukocyte enzymes, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and adherence were normal in all members. plasma inhibitors to lymphocyte transformation and leukocyte inhibitory factor were not found. No unique HLA haplotype or antigen segregated in this family. Evaluation of cell-mediated immunity revealed total cutaneous anergy in three of eight whereas four of the other five had negative lymphocyte transformation and skin tests to Candida but responded normally to other antigens. Leukocyte inhibitory factor was not produced to Candida antigen in all four patients tested. T cell counts were within normal limits in all. Extensive evaluation of all limbs of the immune system in this family revealed a defect in cell-mediated immunity to Candida that appeared to be inherited as a dominant characteristic.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.83333333333333keywords = mucocutaneous (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/16. Immunologic features of chronic granulomatous mucocutaneous candidiasis before and after treatment with transfer factor.We report the acquisition of skin test sensitivity to candida albicans antigen and the ability to produce leukocyte migration inhibition factor (MIF) by a Candida-negative patient with chronic granulomatous mucocutaneous candidiasis after treatment with dialyzable transfer factor (TFd). The TFd was acquired from Candida-positive healthy donors. Three of seven attempts to transfer Candida skin test sensitivity were successful, and the acquired skin reactivity lasted for 12 to 21 days. The acquisition of cellular immunity to Candida was demonstrated in vitro by production of leukocyte MIF. No Candida-induced lymphocyte transformation was observed before or after TFd injection. The TFd did not cause Candida-induced blast transformation when added directly to cultures of lymphocytes from the patient. pain, tenderness, redness, and edema were observed around the Candida granulomas on each occasion when the skin test to Candida became positive. Two weeks after TDd injection, the proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes increased, as measured by incorporation of tritiated thymidine into lymphocytes within the first hour of in vitro incubation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.83333333333333keywords = mucocutaneous (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/16. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Successful treatment with intermittent oral doses of clotrimazole.Treatment of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis has included drugs, immunotherapy, and replacement of nutritional and endocrine deficiency. Although amphotericin b is the best known and most commonly used form of treatment, the imidazole antibiotic clotrimazole has shown promise as an effective agent that can be given orally with low toxicity. A 9-year-old girl responded to intermittent clotrimazole therapy with complete and prolonged remission. This form of treatment offers advantages in safety and effectiveness over other therapies for chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mucocutaneous (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/16. Non-candidal infections in children with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMCC) is a clinical syndrome characterized by persistent and recurrent candida albicans infections of the mucous membranes and skin often associated with immunodeficiency. In order to gain insight into the frequency and severity of non-candidal infections in children with CMCC, four patients with CMCC are described in detail and 60 previously reported cases are reviewed. Fifty percent of children with CMCC had significant infections with other fungi, bacteria and viruses. Recurrent bacterial pneumonias and bronchiectasis were a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In addition, there were a large number of infections, in both the lung and other sites, due to opportunistic organisms. Thus the clincial syndrome of CMCC includes not only mucocutaneous candidiasis, endocrine failure and autoimmune phenomena, but patients with CMCC also show a remarkable susceptibility to non-candidal infections. These non-candidal infections represent a serious cause of morbidity for patients with CMCC.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mucocutaneous (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/16. Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome.A 24-year old woman had the major features of the hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome: recurrent staphylococcal skin infections (from the age of 6 months), an extremely elevated serum immunoglobulin e level (25,000 units/ml), and defective neutrophil chemotaxis. This patient also had peripheral blood eosinophilia and cutaneous candidiasis. There was a family history of asthma, but the patient herself did not have a history of asthma or hay fever, and, on examination, had no evidence of atopic dermatitis. The patient has not had any systemic infections. Results of the skin biopsy showed dermal edema and a perivascular infiltrate with eosinophils and an increased number of mast cells. The clinical spectrum of the hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome may include atopic dermatitis, mucocutaneous candidiasis, systemic infections, and/or the features of Job's syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = mucocutaneous (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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