1/9. Identification of Candida dubliniensis in a study of HIV-seropositive pediatric dental patients.PURPOSE: The combination of an immature immune system and suppressed cellular immunity in children with hiv infections provides optimal conditions for rapid disease progression. As a result, pediatric AIDS has become a major epidemiological challenge. Oral fungal colonization remains one of the most common opportunistic infections observed in both adult and pediatric HIV infected patients. Although candida albicans is the most frequently isolated opportunistic fungal species, a recently characterized Candida species, C. dubliniensis, has gained considerable attention due to its almost exclusive association with HIV-seropositive individuals. The purpose of this study was to prospectively screen for the presence of C. dubliniensis among pediatric HIV patients. methods: Oral samples taken from twenty-seven children were cultured for the presence of yeast. All positive yeast isolates obtained were screened for the presence of C. dubliniensis by use of tests for germ tube and chlamydospore production, detection of inability to grow at 45 degrees C, by colony color on CHROMagar Candida medium, coaggregation with fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 49256 and by the results of sugar assimilation testing with the API 20C AUX yeast identification system. RESULTS: Among the 27 patients tested, 3 patients were found to harbor C. dubliniensis, one of which also grew C. glabrata; 12 patients were colonized with C. albicans, while the remaining 12 patients were negative for yeast. Identification of the three C. dubliniensis isolates was genetically confirmed by electrophoretic karyotyping. All three C. dubliniensis isolates were found to be susceptible to fluconazole (MIC < or = 0.25 ug/ml). CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the presence of this novel species in a dental pediatric HIV seropositive population and support the need for further investigation into the prevalence and pathogenesis of C. dubliniensis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/9. Tuberculous ulcer of the tongue as presenting feature of pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infection.tuberculosis (TB), once a lethal disease, has shown a decrease in incidence with improved public health measures and availability of antituberculous drugs. But with the advent of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), it has re-emerged alarmingly as an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. Lungs are the most commonly affected organs and involvement of the oropharyngeal region in TB is very rare. Two cases of TB manifesting as ulcer of the tongue are reported here. Interestingly, both of these cases were reported within a span of six months and both of the patients were in their early thirties. A primary diagnosis of both pulmonary TB and HIV sero-positivity was made after the diagnosis of the oral TB ulcer.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/9. Multiple opportunistic AIDS-associated disorders strictly related to immunodeficiency levels, in a girl with congenital HIV infection.A 16-year-old girl with vertical HIV disease treated since birth suffered from six different AIDS-defining disorders until now. Even during the highly active antiretroviral therapy, multiple aids-related opportunistic infections may complicate the course of long-term congenital HIV disease, showing a strict relationship with immunological deterioration, which occurs shortly after virologic failure, due to an extensive genotypic resistance to all available antiretroviral compounds.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/9. Mycobacterium simiae: a previously undescribed pathogen in peritoneal dialysis peritonitis.peritonitis is a major complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). coagulase-negative staphylococcus, staphylococcus aureus , and gram-negative bacteria cause the majority of these infections and usually are amenable to conventional antibiotic therapy, allowing continuation of PD. Mycobacterial and fungal peritonitis represent a more difficult clinical challenge. The infecting organism is often difficult to isolate and can rarely be eradicated without catheter removal. Immunocompromised patients are susceptible to opportunistic infection and, in the context of PD, may have PD peritonitis with different organisms from immunocompetent patients. Here the authors report for the first time PD peritonitis caused by Mycobacterium simiae , a nontuberculous mycobacterium, in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. In addition the difficulty in diagnosing and managing nontuberculous PD peritonitis is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/9. typhoid fever as a cause of opportunistic infection: case report.BACKGROUND: typhoid fever is a systemic infection caused by the bacterium salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype typhi, which is acquired by ingestion of contaminated food and water. Each year the disease affects at least 16 million persons world-wide, most of whom reside in the developing countries of Southeast asia and africa. In italy the disease is uncommon with a greater number of cases in Southern regions than in Northern ones. CASE PRESENTATION: We report on a 57-year-old Sri-Lankan male affected by typhoid fever, the onset of which was accompanied by oropharyngeal candidiasis. This clinical sign was due to a transient cell-mediated immunity depression (CD4 cell count was 130 cells/mm3) probably caused by salmonella typhi infection. Human immunodeficiency virus infection was ruled out. diagnosis of typhoid fever was made by the isolation of salmonella typhi from two consecutive blood cultures. The patient recovered after a ten days therapy with ciprofloxacin and his CD4 cell count improved gradually until normalization within 3 weeks. CONCLUSION: Our patient is the first reported case of typhoid fever associated with oropharyngeal candidiasis. This finding suggests a close correlation between salmonella typhi infection and transitory immunodepression.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/9. Ocular involvement in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has reached epidemic proportions in the USA and the incidence of this potentially fatal viral infection is increasing rapidly in australia. The loss of normal cellular immunity in affected individuals predisposes them to severe opportunistic infections and neoplasms, especially Kaposi's sarcoma. Both of these pathological processes may affect the eye, and ocular involvement with an opportunistic infection or malignancy may be the first clue to the presence of AIDS. We present here the first Australian report of a patient with AIDS presenting with ocular involvement. The case is discussed in relation to current concepts of AIDS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/9. Disseminated histoplasmosis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and other opportunistic infections in a homosexual patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.A homosexual man with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome had an unusually wide array of opportunistic infections. Despite antibiotic treatment over a period of two and a half years, the patient died. Perianal herpetic ulcers, oral candidiasis, cytomegalovirus infection, and disseminated infections with both histoplasma capsulatum and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare were diagnosed during illness. An autopsy revealed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and a cerebellar lesion caused by cytomegalovirus. The latter was probably responsible for the patient's gait disturbance.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/9. histoplasmosis capsulati and duboisii in europe: the impact of the HIV pandemic, travel and immigration.The present report describes a fatal case of imported AIDS-related disseminated histoplasmosis capsulati infection associated with multiple coexisting infections, diagnosed with cultural recovery of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum with a commercial radiometric Mycobacterium medium. The epidemiological and clinical features of histoplasmosis capsulati and duboisii in europe are reviewed by examining also 69 documented cases of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum infection (25 in AIDS patients) and 17 cases of histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii infection (3 in HIV-infected patients), described since 1980. This draws special attention to the role played during recent years by the emergence of the HIV pandemic and the progressive intensification of travel and immigration as risk factors for this disease in our continent. AIDS patients, who are prone to multiple concurrent opportunistic infections which may share clinical and laboratory features with each other and with other HIV-associated diseases, represent the most relevant current group at risk for severe disseminated histoplasmosis, which may come to medical attention far from their place of origin.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/9. mucormycosis of the oral cavity.mucormycosis (phycomycosis, zygomycosis) is an acute opportunistic infection caused by a saprophytic fungus found in soil, bread molds, and decaying fruits and vegetables. Numerous predisposing risk factors are associated with mucormycosis, although most cases have been reported in poorly controlled diabetics or in patients with hematologic malignant conditions. This report presents two cases of oral mucormycosis. One case occurred in the maxilla in a patient with well-controlled diabetes. The other involved the mandible and overlying gingiva in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. A review of the literature concerning oral mucormycosis is also presented.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |