1/5. Adeno-endocrine cell carcinoma of the gallbladder.We encountered a rare case of adeno-endocrine cell carcinoma of the gallbladder in an 81-year-old woman. Imaging study revealed a common bile duct stone. Endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed, and the stone was extracted successfully. Thereafter, cholecystectomy was performed. A papillary tumor was found in the neck of the gallbladder. Histologically, the tumor consisted of two components, well differentiated adenocarcinoma and endocrine cell carcinoma. However, no clinical signs of tumor hormonal activity were observed. The tumor cells in the area of the endocrine cell carcinoma were small and round. Histochemical studies of these tumor cells were positive for chromogranin a and Grimelius silver impregnation. The tumor cells in the area of the adenocarcinoma were well differentiated adenocarcinoma and included goblet-type cells with a tubular structure or solid growth pattern. These adenocarcinoma cells stained positively for alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff, and both types of tumor cells stained positively for carbohydrate antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen. It was suggested that the histogenesis of the endocrine cell carcinoma of the gallbladder was closely related to that of the adenocarcinoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gallbladder (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/5. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder: report of two cases.We report two cases of primary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the gallbladder, which, to the best of our knowledge, represent the first description of this entity. One of the tumors consisted entirely of LCNEC, whereas the second tumor was composed of LCNEC and the more common intestinal-type adenocarcinoma. Both tumors were morphologically similar to their pulmonary counterpart and were characterized by large cells with prominent nucleoli, coarse chromatin, and a high mitotic rate. The cells showed an organoid growth pattern with rosette formation and frequent areas of necrosis. Panendocrine markers were expressed in a variable proportion of tumor cells in both cases, and one of the cases also showed focal positivity for type 2 somatostatin receptors. One of the tumors followed a rapidly fatal course despite aggressive surgical treatment and chemotherapy administration, and the second patient is still alive and disease-free 12 months after surgery. The description of these two cases of LCNEC of the gallbladder is significant for two reasons. From an academic standpoint, we now know that all the neuroendocrine tumors described in other organs can arise de novo in the gallbladder. More importantly, however, the recognition of this rare tumor type carries important clinical implications in regard to the use of chemotherapeutic agents and supplemental treatments (for example, somatostatin analogs).- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gallbladder (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/5. Neuroendocrine carcinoma of gallbladder: report of 2 cases.BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder is rare. Its best treatment is not known. methods: Two patients underwent surgery earlier: one for suspected cholecystitis and the other for cholelithiasis. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed residual lesions in the livers. The two patients underwent revision surgery followed by chemotherapy. RESULTS: Both patients tolerated the second stage surgery well, which was followed by chemotherapy with paclitaxel, ifosphamide and cisplatin for 6 cycles. They were treated this way for 8 months and 12 months post treatment, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A proper diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma is made often after surgery. As it is a slow growing tumor and not very chemotherapeutically, sensitive surgery offers the best local control.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.71428571428571keywords = gallbladder (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/5. High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gallbladder and bile duct: Report of four cases with pathological correlation.The extrahepatic biliary system is one of the unusual locations of extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma. To our knowledge, there has been no report describing the imaging findings of this rare malignancy of the biliary tree. We report 3 large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and a small-cell carcinoma arising from the biliary system. Biliary tumors showing on computed tomography an aggressive invasion to the liver or extensive lymph node involvement should raise the suspicion of their being high-grade neuroendocrine tumors.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.57142857142857keywords = gallbladder (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/5. Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the liver associated with dermatomyositis: autopsy case and review of the literature.Reported herein is an autopsy case of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma associated with dermatomyositis. A 71-year-old Japanese man, who was diagnosed with dermatomyositis 5 months before death, had multiple tumors within a non-cirrhotic liver. Histopathologically, the tumors were composed of small- and medium-sized round cells with clear cytoplasm arranged in nests, sheets or rosettes. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for chromogranin a, neuron-specific enolase and CD56 and were negative for synaptophysin. This tumor was diagnosed as a primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma with metastasis to the lung, gallbladder and lymph nodes around the pancreas and aorta; no primary lesions were detected in any other organ. The tumor cells were also positive for cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 19 and epithelial membrane antigen but were negative for anti-hepatocyte antibody and AFP. These findings suggest that the tumor originated in intrahepatic bile duct epithelium. Various cancers have been reported in patients with dermatomyositis, but only seven cases of dermatomyositis associated with primary liver cancer have been reported. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of dermatomyositis associated with primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.14285714285714keywords = gallbladder (Clic here for more details about this article) |