1/56. Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis arising on lichen sclerosus et atrophicus.Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis arising on lichen sclerosus et atrophicus is rarely reported. A case is described in a 63-year-old man who had been diagnosed of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus 3 years before. The previously reported cases, the association of these diseases in women and men, and the possible pathogenesis are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = lichen sclerosus, sclerosus, lichen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/56. cell cycle proteins as molecular markers of malignant change in vulvar lichen sclerosus.Lichen sclerosus (LS) has a known association with the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. The purpose of this study was to investigate molecular markers, which could indicate premalignant changes. Multiple sequential vulvar biopsies were taken over a period of 11 years from a patient with longstanding LS. Immunohistochemical staining was used to demonstrate a range of molecular markers. Increased expression of p53 and Ki67 was found in areas of squamous hyperplasia (SH) and differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) which correlated with the subsequent development of invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Molecular changes have been found to accompany histologic changes in the progression of vulvar LS to malignancy. Such markers may prove a useful addition in the clinical management of these conditions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.70405663688916keywords = lichen sclerosus, sclerosus, lichen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/56. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity--chronic oral ulcerative disease as a possible etiologic factor.This report documents the association of carcinoma of the oral cavity with chronic oral ulcerative disease in two patients. This association has not previously been documented in the surgical literature. Both patients in this report had chronic oral ulcerative disease preceding their cancers; however, the common etiologic factors for oral cancer were not detected in either case. Oral lichen planus and pemphigus vulgaris should be considered as potentially premalignant lesions and should be treated accordingly.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.011103340453481keywords = lichen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/56. Metastases in small thickness oral squamous-cell carcinoma arising in oral lichen planus.Oral lichen planus (OLP) is classified among precancerous conditions, as it is considered a generalized state associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer. The objective of this study was to discuss ultra-structural aspects of OLP that could play a role in enhancing metastatic potential, thus worsening the prognosis in oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC). We report four cases of microinvasive OSCC which have occurred in OLP patients. All of them were stage I tumors, with a mean thickness of 1.75 mm. Recent studies indicate a tumor thickness over 4 mm as predictive of nodal metastases, but within 6 mo, our four patients with OSCC arising from OLP developed lymphnodal metastases. Our findings suggest that OLP-related OSCC may have a worse prognosis because of increased metastatic potential; obviously, further investigation is required, but this preliminary evidence emphasizes that extremely careful management of OLP patients is mandatory, and in cases of OSCC arising from OLP, a more radical treatment is probably required.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.055516702267403keywords = lichen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/56. Squamous cell carcinoma in long-standing untreated lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the penis.lichen sclerosus et atrophicus is an uncommon disease of skin and genital mucosa in both sexes. Involvement of the male genital mucosa is usually complicated by recurrent balanoposthitis, ulceration, phimosis, and meatal stenosis. The development of a squamous cell carcinoma is extremely rare in genital lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in males as compared with females. We report a 70-year-old male with a squamous cell carcinoma of the glans superimposed on long-standing lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of glans and prepuce. The patient in addition had a basal cell carcinoma on his face. awareness of this rare complication of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in males is emphasized.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2040566368892keywords = lichen sclerosus, sclerosus, lichen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/56. Successful management of lichen myxedematosus. Report of a case.radiation therapy led to local resolution of a case of lichen myxedematosus, which, to our knowledge, is the first reported successful treatment of the disease by radiation therapy. radiation therapy is only the second therapeutic modality that is effective in the treatment of lichen myxedematosus. We propose specific criteria for the diagnosis of lichen myxedematosus to facilitate future studies into the nature of this disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.077723383174365keywords = lichen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/56. Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia in lichen sclerosus of the vulva.Small tentacles or separated nests of squamous cells in the dermis are not uncommonly seen in long-standing vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS) associated with epidermal thickening. We recently encountered a case where separated nests of well-differentiated squamous cells in the dermis were difficult to distinguish from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Further biopsies showed similar nests originating from every hair follicle. We postulated a diagnosis of multifocal pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) to explain this phenomenon. Because we could find no reference to PEH in the setting of LS, we reviewed the biopsies of 92 women with extragenital and vulvar LS with and without carcinoma to determine its frequency and histological appearance. The study population, which excluded the index case, comprised 10 women with extra-anogenital LS, 58 with vulvar LS without carcinoma, and 24 with vulvar LS with carcinoma. The presence of PEH, epidermal thickness, predominant dermal collagen change, degree of inflammation, and presence of fibrin and red blood cells were recorded. The presence or absence of lichen simplex chronicus (LSC), squamous cell hyperplasia (SCH), and differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) were recorded. PEH was identified only in vulvar LS, where it was seen in 7/58 (12.1%) women without carcinoma, 1/24 (8.3%) with carcinoma, and 0/10 (0%) with extra-anogenital LS. Two forms of PEH were seen: predominantly epidermal 7/8 (87.5%) and predominantly follicular 1/8 (12.5%). PEH was associated with increased epidermal thickness, less dermal edema, more dermal inflammation, fresh fibrin, and red blood cell extravasation. In all cases, there was associated LSC, but there was no SCH or differentiated VIN. In conclusion, PEH may explain many of the cases of dermal tentacles and separated squamous nests in vulvar LS with LSC. The association with fresh fibrin and red blood cells suggests that PEH might be a reaction to tissue damage. PEH is distinguished from SCC by its lack of atypia, confinement to the abnormal collagen, and limited growth. The pathologist must be careful about making a diagnosis of PEH in LS with epidermal thickening, looking carefully for basal atypia and other features of differentiated VIN in the overlying epidermis or dermal proliferation. We do not know whether PEH occurs in differentiated VIN and, if it does, how it could be distinguished from SCC.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.84443667378681keywords = lichen sclerosus, sclerosus, lichen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/56. Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma arising from a previous area of chronic hypertrophic lichen planus.Malignant transformation of cutaneous lichen planus is a rare event. We report a 34 year old Caucasian male who presented with an exophytic tumor on the right foreleg. The tumor gradually developed within previous areas of histologically proven hypertrophic lichen planus that had existed for about 10 years. However, the current histological examination of the excised tumor revealed highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with a depth of tumor invasion of 10 mm. At that time, neither sentinel lymph node biopsy nor further imaging diagnostics revealed evidence for metastatic spreading. Nevertheless, five months after surgery inguinal lymph node metastases were detected. Initial chemotherapy and inguinal lymph node dissection were unable to stop the spread of the tumor. One year later, parailiacal lymph node metastases were detected by computed tomography. Further cycles of chemotherapy resulted in significant reduction of the parailiacal tumor masses. This report indicates that the long-standing hypertrophic form of lichen planus seems to have a considerable propensity for malignant transformation, even in young patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.077723383174365keywords = lichen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/56. Microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma arising on lichen sclerosus of the penis.The case of a 70-year-old white man with a 10-year history of penile lichen sclerosus (LS) who developed microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma on LS is described. A high incidence of penile cancer arising on genital LS has recently been observed. The authors stress the importance of an adequate diagnosis and long-term follow-up in patients with penile LS because of the malignant potential of the disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.83333333333333keywords = lichen sclerosus, sclerosus, lichen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/56. Giant keratoacanthoma arising in hypertrophic lichen planus.A 45-year-old man presented with a rapidly enlarging tumour in an area of long-standing hypertrophic lichen planus of the lower leg. Histological examination of the resected specimen showed it to be a giant keratoacanthoma measuring 37 x 57 mm. Neoplastic change is a rarely reported complication of chronic variants of cutaneous lichen planus. To date there have been only two reports of keratoacanthoma development in association with lichen planus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.077723383174365keywords = lichen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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