1/16. Para-articular chondroma and osteochondroma of the infrapatellar fat pad: a report of three cases.We report three cases of para-articular chondroma and osteochondroma in the region of infrapatellar fat pad. All three lesions were resected and examined histologically. Two of them were primarily cartilaginous with a lobular pattern internally, and one uniformly osseous with peripheral cartilage. We conclude that these lesions are not the same. The former should be designated para-articular chondroma after Jaffe and the latter, osteochondroma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = patella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/16. Focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia of long bones: report of eight additional cases and literature review.We report eight additional cases of focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia (FFCD) in the proximal tibia (five), distal ulna (one), and distal femur (two). Spontaneous, complete resolution of the lesion was observed in two tibiae and one ulna. Three tibial lesions with genu varum deformity were managed with osteotomy. Two femoral FFCDs caused persistent or progressive deformity: one genu valgum with patellar dislocation, and one genu varum. These patients underwent concomitant deformity correction and lengthening by the Ilizarov method. The final results were satisfactory in all patients except one, who underwent valgus tibial osteotomy and developed mild postoperative genu valgum. The analysis of a total of 46 cases in the literature and our experience suggests that (a) FFCD has a wide histopathologic spectrum, ranging from purely dense, fibrous tendon-like tissue to benign fibrocartilaginous tissue; (b) at least 45% of tibial FFCD demonstrates progressive, spontaneous resolution; (c) in contrast, femoral and humeral FFCDs appear to have a slim possibility of spontaneous regression of the deformity; and (d) corrective osteotomy is indicated when the deformity is increasing or persistent, or when the existing deformity is severe enough to jeopardize adjacent joint mechanics and alignment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = patella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/16. Multiple, bilateral and painful ear nodules of the anthelices: a variant of chondrodermatitis nodularis?A case of a distinctive clinicopathologic condition of the ear cartilage is presented, characterized by multiple, bilateral and painful nodules of the anthelices without epidermal involvement. Histologically, there was a peri-chondrial lymphohistiocytic infiltrate and a small focus of degenerate, basophilic cartilage as well as cystic chondromalacia containing an amorphous mass. This condition is both clinically and histopathologically distinct from other causes of ear nodules, although the lesions seen in our patient exhibit features of chondrodermatitis nodularis helices and therefore could well be a variant of the latter.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 887.6607392856keywords = chondromalacia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/16. Cystic degeneration of the patella after arthroscopic chondroplasty and subchondral bone perforation.Chondromalacia of the patella is frequently encountered in patients with anterior knee pain. Arthroscopic chondroplasty with perforation of subchondral bone remains a popular treatment alternative in spite of the inferior mechanical properties of the fibrocartilaginous tissue that this procedure is designed to promote. We report a case of cystic degeneration of the patella as a previously unrecognized complication following the procedure.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = patella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/16. Osteochondral grafting for cartilage defects in the patellar grooves of bilateral knee joints.Autogenous osteochondral grafts have become popular recently for use in small, isolated, contained articular cartilage defects. We treated a 35-year-old man who had cartilage defects, which were the same shape and probably the result of overuse, in the patellar grooves of both knee joints. The left side was 30 x 25 mm, and the right side was 17 x 17 mm in his right patellar groove, and 15 x 7 mm in his right medial femoral condyle. Therefore, we performed multiple osteochondral grafting of the bilateral lesions. Thirty-two months after his right knee operation (37 months after his left one), he had no pain or symptoms in his left knee and occasional mild pain and catching in his right knee. At second-look arthroscopy, the joint surface of the articular cartilage in the bilateral patellar groove was almost completely smooth. However, the whole of the weight-bearing area around the grafted plugs in the medial femoral condyle showed cartilage degeneration. Approximately 3 years after implantation of osteochondral grafts into similarly shaped cartilage lesions in the bilateral patellar grooves, the operative results were good. However, careful follow up is needed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6keywords = patella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/16. Lateral retinaculum release in adolescent patellofemoral disorders: its relationship to peripheral nerve injury in the lateral retinaculum.adolescent patellofemoral disorders which are associated with recognizable change in the articular cartilage of the patella are called chondromalacia patellae. This is a clinical syndrome characterized by persistent retropatellar pain, but not always associated with histopathological changes of the articular cartilage. When lateral retinacular release is performed in such patients, pain is frequently eased even though lateral release does not always cause an appreciable change in patellofemoral contact pressure. This suggests that pain, at times, may emanate from the peripatellar retinacular supports themselves. Thirty-five knees of 22 patients suffering from anterior knee pain (with or without an unstable patella) were investigated histologically. Pathological changes in nerves were graded on a 0 to 3 scale of severity. There was severe degenerative neuropathy in nine knees, moderate change in nine, and slight change in 11; the remaining six knees were normal. Histological investigation of the resected lateral retinaculum suggested that pain originated in the lateral retinaculum in many patients, and that degenerative changes in the nerves of the lateral retinaculum may be an important cause of pain in patients with patellofemoral disorders.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1542.3786542102keywords = chondromalacia, chondromalacia patella, patella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/16. An electron microscopic study of early pathology in chondromalacia of the patella.For a study of the ultrastructural pathology of chondromalacia patellae, we studied biopsy specimens that had been obtained at operation in twelve young patients who had pain in the anterior aspect of the knee due to mechanical derangement and also had the pathological changes in articular cartilage that are characteristic of chondromalacia. The initial pathological finding was swelling of the superficial matrix associated with breakdown of the collagen fiber network, especially at matrix streaks in the superficial and transitional zones. Fibrillated cartilage contained surface fissures that penetrated the middle layers. Amorphous electron-dense material was found covering the internal surfaces of the fissures; this appeared to contain degraded components of the matrix. In association with these changes, there were formation of nests of cells (clusters of chondrocytes) and increased numbers of organelles in the chondrocytes. A limited repair reaction also was observed in some specimens; this was characterized by the migration of fibroblast-like cells over the surface of the cartilage. The ultrastructural observations on these specimens from patients who had chondromalacia were compatible with a pathogenesis resulting from mechanical overload.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6868.3430899239keywords = chondromalacia, chondromalacia patella, patella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/16. chondromalacia patellae.chondromalacia patellae is a relatively common condition affecting adolescents or young adults, involving the articular cartilage of the patella and opposing femoral condyles. Etiological factors, clinical features and radiographic signs of this condition are discussed. A conservative treatment approach is put forth emphasizing rehabilitative exercise, bracing and spinal manipulation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = patella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/16. Chondromalacia of the fabella: a case report.A 46-year-old man suffered from chondromalacia of the fabella after minor trauma to the back of the knee. The condition was misdiagnosed initially as fasciitis, tendinitis, a Baker's cyst and a herniated lumbar intervertebral disc. Pathognomonic signs were pain behind the lateral femoral condyle on palpation and compression of the fabella and also on passive extension of the knee. Conservative management was unsuccessful. Excision of the fabella gave quick and lasting relief.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 887.6607392856keywords = chondromalacia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/16. Recurrent dislocation of patella following lateral retinacular release. A case report.A case is presented with several total dislocations of patella after an operative lateral retinacular release for chondromalacia patellae. The patient, a 27-year-old woman, had no history of preoperative luxations or subluxations. She had, however, a Q-angle of 20 degrees--a fact that may have been significant in the pathogenesis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1542.5786542102keywords = chondromalacia, chondromalacia patella, patella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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