1/8. multiple sclerosis presenting as catatonia.OBJECTIVE: Catatonic disorder due to general medical condition must be excluded in psychiatric patients presenting with this movement disorder. This report emphasizes the association of catatonia with multiple sclerosis. METHOD: A patient with catatonia, psychotic depression, and the subsequent diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is described and the literature reviewed. RESULTS: mutism, immobility, cataplexy, waxy flexibility, and other aspects of catatonia occur in multiple sclerosis, usually as a consequence of a severe mood disorder and extensive cerebral demyelination. These symptoms may be the presenting manifestations of multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: A high index of suspicion for neurological disease is indicated in patients with new-onset catatonia. neuroimaging and other studies may reveal underlying demyelination requiring specific therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mood (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/8. PANDAS with catatonia: a case report. Therapeutic response to lorazepam and plasmapheresis.This is a report of an 11-year-old, prepubertal boy with acute-onset urinary urgency and frequency, obsessions and compulsions related to urination, severe mood lability, inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and intermittent periods of immobilization. fever, cough, otitis, and sinusitis preceded neuropsychiatric symptoms. antistreptolysin O and DNAse B antibody titers were elevated, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral diffuse caudate nuclei swelling. plasmapheresis resulted in significant and rapid clinical improvement of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and a simultaneous decrease in basal ganglia swelling, consistent with an immune-mediated pathophysiological process involving group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention improved with lorazepam, suggesting that the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms could be manifestations of catatonia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mood (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/8. catatonia in individuals with autism spectrum disorders in adolescence and early adulthood: a long-term prospective study.The objective is to cast light on diagnosis and catastasis, course, and comorbidity as concerned with catatonia in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) with respect to long-term prospective follow-up. Eleven patients (all male) were enrolled. The mean age and the mean follow-up duration were 27.6 years (standard deviation (SD) 5.5) and 18.7 years (SD 8.7), respectively. The mean IQ was 27 (SD 16.4). Information was garnered from medical case records; current examination and observation of patients, interview of parents, and questionnaires completed by parents or other caretakers. informed consent was obtained from the parents. Criteria for catatonia in this study were: (1) abrupt stop of movements and maintenance of immobility or bizarre posture beginning in adolescence and early adult life, (2) such a cataleptic state had continued for at least several minutes and appeared many times a day to the point of interfering with daily activities. We described two typical catatonic cases of ASDs. The average onset age was 19 years (SD 6). In all cases, our diagnostic criteria of catatonia evaluating at worse are fully compatible with those of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-VI). In 8 out of 11, the onset of catatonia was clearly preceded by the appearance of slowness in movements accompanying the exacerbation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. catatonia was also found to have some connection with tourette syndrome (3 cases), adjustment disorders (N=1), and depressive mood disorders (N=1). In one case, the manifestations of catatonia had to be distinguished from parkinsonism caused by antipsychotics. catatonia in ASDs seems to be a chronic condition in most cases. However, there were also a few cases in which catatonia repeatedly aggravated over short spans of time. catatonia in ASDs may be considered an epiphenomenon of ASDs or a manifestation of comorbidity in adolescence or early adulthood.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mood (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/8. case reports with a child psychiatric exploration of catatonia, autism, and delirium.This chapter starts with some remarks on the conceptual history of catatonia, which begins with Kahlbaum and continues with Kraeplin, Bleuler, and Leonhard. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th ed., Text Revision, criteria for catatonia and the multicausal origin of the disorder are discussed. So, not only schizophrenia and mood disorders associated with catatonia, which is the primary form, are introduced but also an extensive list of somatic disorders-resulting in secondary catatonia-along with the work of Gelenberg and wing. Next, two very difficult cases, of boys with autism, catatonia, and one of them with mental retardation as well, are presented. Major textbooks, pubmed, and medline were used for a select literature search. The results show the main and really relevant but scarce data concerning primary and secondary catatonia. In the discussion the topics are this dearth in knowledge, the concept of catatonia and its similarities with delirium, and the relation catatonia-autism, and where to find the data. The conclusions summarize the main points and end with a gentle reminder, or is it an appeal?- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mood (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/8. prednisone mood disorder with associated catatonia.Since steroid-induced psychoses often appear as mood disorders and since catatonia may be associated with psychotic mood disorders, the possibility exists for a steroid-induced psychotic mood disorder to present with associated catatonia. In a computer review of the medical literature, however, I found no such cases in adult patients. This report is presented as a possible case of steroid-induced catatonia in a 62-year-old woman following treatment with melphalan, prednisone, and cimetidine for multiple myeloma of the IgA class with associated mild hypercalcemia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = mood (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/8. Akinesia and mutism following a methylphenidate challenge test.A case of akinesia and mutism is described in a menopausal, depressed woman with onset following a mood challenge with 40 mg of methylphenidate taken orally over a 3-hour period. Various diagnoses are considered with preference given on clinical grounds to conversion disorder precipitated by drug-induced dysphoria. It is suggested that increased susceptibility to dysphoria may have been related to prior clomipramine administration and hypoestrogenism.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mood (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/8. Case study: ECT treatment of a young girl with catatonia.This article reports a case of major depression with catatonic symptoms which occurred in an 8 1/2-year-old girl. While taking oral antidepressants, her symptoms worsened markedly, and significant physical morbidity appeared imminent. electroconvulsive therapy was successful in treating the patient's catatonic and mood symptoms, with no observable deleterious effects. review of the English-language literature reveals no younger patients ever reported to have presented with such severe catatonia or to have been treated with electroconvulsive therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mood (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/8. neuroleptic malignant syndrome and catatonia. A report of three cases.In a series of 1007 consecutively admitted patients, 3 cases of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) were identified (0.3%). All three patients were affected by mood disorders with congruent psychotic features, had shown catatonia just before the onset of NMS, and had been treated with low neuroleptic doses. All of them presented low serum iron levels. The relationship between NMS and catatonia and possible therapeutic decisions are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mood (Clic here for more details about this article) |