1/51. Balloon cell change in cellular blue nevus.Balloon cells are altered melanocytes with clear vacuolated cytoplasm caused by a defect in the process of melanogenesis. Although rare, balloon cell change has been observed in a variety of melanocytic proliferations, particularly intradermal melanocytic nevi and melanoma. When present, such features may lead to difficulties in diagnosis, particularly with other clear cell neoplasms. We report an unusual case of the development of balloon cell change in a cellular blue nevus, a phenomenon that has not been extensively addressed in the literature. The importance of recognizing this change in cellular blue nevus to avoid misinterpreting the lesion as malignant is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = melanoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/51. Malignant transformation of an optic disk melanocytoma.PURPOSE: To report a case of malignant transformation of an optic disk melanocytoma with a second melanocytoma in the ciliary body. methods: Clinical data including visual acuity, visual fields, color fundus photographs, fluorescein angiogram, and ultrasonogram and histopathologic studies of this case were reviewed. RESULTS: The right eye of a 65-year-old white woman was diagnosed with melanocytoma of the optic nerve. Four years later, the tumor became significantly larger. The best-corrected visual acuity declined from 20/40 to counting fingers and the size of the tumor increased fourfold in 2 years. The right globe was enucleated. Histopathologic studies demonstrated moderately pigmented spindle-B malignant melanoma cells adjacent to and within a population of large, polyhedral, heavily pigmented melanocytoma cells that extended to the lamina cribrosa and optic nerve. There was also a deeply pigmented melanocytoma in the ciliary body. CONCLUSION: This is a rare case of malignant melanoma transformed from an optic disk melanocytoma. Periodic follow-up of the patient with optic disk melanocytoma is necessary.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5.9639347320464keywords = malignant melanoma, melanoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/51. Leptomeningeal melanomatosis with multiple cutaneous pigmented nevi: tumor cell proliferation and malignant transformation in an autopsy case.We experienced a rare case of leptomeningeal melanomatosis. The proliferative activity and nuclear accumulation of p53 in this tumor were examined, since the relationship between this tumor type and growth has not yet been elucidated. A 33-year-old Japanese man was shown to have leptomeningeal melanomatosis with multiple cutaneous pigmented nevi. The autopsy findings showed the presence not only of benign diffuse melanosis of the leptomeninges but also of leptomeningeal melanomatosis in the subarachnoid space and brain parenchyma. In the brain parenchyma, the direct invasion of tumor cells from the subarachnoid space and Virchow-Robin spaces filled with melanoma cells were observed. Multiple hemorrhagic areas invaded by melanoma cells were also present. Immunohistochemical staining with a monoclonal antibody to melanoma cells showed positivity in the tumor cells. Proliferation analysis using the MIB-1 antibody demonstrated that the labeling index of tumor cells invading brain parenchyma (2.54%) was higher than that in other lesions of the inner (0.89%) and outer layer (0.76%) of the subarachnoid space. Nuclear accumulation of p53 protein was rarely seen in the tumor cells. We reported a case of leptomeningeal melanomatosis. Higher proliferative activity was found in invading cells of the brain parenchyma. Malignant transformation of the tumor did not appear to be associated with p53 gene mutation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 11keywords = melanoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/51. Malignant melanoma arising in a choroidal magnacellular nevus (melanocytoma).A case is presented of a 55-year-old Caucasian male whose right eye was enucleated for a mixed spindle-A and spindle-B malignant melanoma in 1967. The ophthalmoscopic picture, fluorescein angiography, and overlying peculiar orange pigmentation were suggestive of a malignant lesion. Study of serial sections of the entire lesion made possible the histologic reconstruction of the lesion, clinicopathologic correlation of the yellow-orange pigment, and the location of the nevus and mixed spindle-cell melanoma components.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7.9819673660232keywords = malignant melanoma, melanoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/51. Malignant melanoma arising from unusual conjunctival blue nevus.Cellular blue nevus is an uncommon pigmented tumor in the conjunctiva, where it generally appears as a deep, circumscribed, pigmented conjunctival mass. We report a case of conjunctival blue nevus that clinically resembled primary acquired melanosis and gave rise to conjunctival melanoma. A 41-year-old man developed a diffuse pigmented mass in the inferior fornix of his left eye. Over a 20-year period, he noted slight progression of the pigment. Foci of epibulbar pigmentation were also present. The lesion resembled primary acquired melanosis. Excisional biopsy and adjuvant cryotherapy were performed. Histopathologic examination disclosed an intense infiltrate of heavily pigmented dendritic melanocytes with aggregates of less pigmented plump cells in the substantia propria. The conjunctival epithelium was normal. Malignant cellular features consistent with melanoma were observed in some foci. Cellular blue nevus of the conjunctiva can simulate primary acquired melanosis and can give rise to malignant melanoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:1581-1584- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 8.9819673660232keywords = malignant melanoma, melanoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/51. Malignant melanoma in a burn scar.Cancers of various sorts are occasionally encountered in burn scars. These lesions are usually squamous cell carcinomas, and the burn scars are usually old. Very rarely, malignant melanoma is encountered. An 87-year-old nursing home patient who had been burned by a lightening strike at age 16 was evaluated. She had sustained a wound covering 2% or 3% of her body surface involving her neck and the upper portion of her anterior trunk that had required several grafts. A lesion was noted over the suprasternal notch approximately 3 months before admission. The biopsy was reported as malignant melanoma. She was subsequently treated by wide reexcision with an associated Z-plasty for neck release. Because of the patient's age and the presence of four areas of regional lymph nodes nearby into which metastasis might spread, no lymph node dissections were carried out. The specimen from the reexcision was reported as squamous cell carcinoma in situ, melanoma in situ, and multinucleated giant cell reaction, acute and chronic infiltrates. The wound margins were clear.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 10.963934732046keywords = malignant melanoma, melanoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/51. Morphologic changes of a pigmented Spitz nevus assessed by dermoscopy.Pigmented Spitz nevus may simulate cutaneous melanoma clinically and histopathologically. In an effort to characterize Spitz nevi using dermoscopy, we documented the dermoscopic features of a single pigmented Spitz nevus over a 6-month period. A 3-year-old boy had a brownish black papule, 3 mm in diameter, on the dorsum of the first finger of his left hand, clinically diagnosed as a Reed nevus. Two follow-up examinations were performed after 3 and 6 months, when the lesion finally was excised for histopathologic examination. Dermoscopically, a globular pattern was recognized during the initial examination, whereas a starburst pattern was identified 3 months later. After 6 months, a variation of the starburst pattern was still detectable. Based on our observation, the globular and the starburst patterns might be considered different morphologic expressions corresponding to the evolutionary phases of pigmented Spitz nevi.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = melanoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/51. Multicentric malignant melanoma in a giant melanocytic congenital nevus 20 years after dermabrasion in adulthood.BACKGROUND: dermabrasion is one approach to the treatment of treating giant melanocytic congenital nevi. Treatment is recommended to reduce the risk of spontaneous malignant transformation of giant nevi into malignant melanomas that usually occur in childhood. OBJECTIVE: To describe the development of a multicentric malignant melanoma in a giant melanocytic congenital nevus after dermabrasion. methods: We report about a 46-year-old male patient who developed a multicentric malignant melanoma in a giant melanocytic congenital nevus. The nevus was located on his left shoulder extending to his neck and chest. Previously, dermabrasion of the nevus was performed twice at the ages of 26 and 28. RESULTS: To our knowledge, this is the first report of malignant transformation of a giant nevus into a multicentric malignant melanoma diagnosed 20 years after the procedure of dermabrasion. CONCLUSION: We conclude that a close follow-up of such patients is mandatory.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 23.855738928185keywords = malignant melanoma, melanoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/51. Ganglioneuroblastic differentiation in a primary cutaneous malignant melanoma.Ganglioneuroblastic differentiation in malignant melanomas is an exceedingly rare event. Although there has been a single report of this occurrence in a metastatic melanoma, divergent ganglioneuroblastic differentiation has not been documented previously in a primary cutaneous lesion of melanoma. The present report describes an unusual case of invasive melanoma arising on the lower leg of a 61-year-old woman. The 16.9-mm thick tumor showed extensive ganglioneuroblastic differentiation, which was confirmed both immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. Although the prognostic significance of this observation remains uncertain, the unique case reaffirms the potential morphologic diversity of melanomas and suggests a shared histogenetic origin from a common neural crest derivative.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 18.909836830116keywords = malignant melanoma, melanoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/51. melanoma metastatic to central neurocytoma: a novel case of tumor-to-tumor metastasis.We report a case of a 43-year-old man with known metastatic melanoma and two intracranial tumors, one of which was resected and confirmed to be melanoma. At autopsy, the second lesion was found to be a central neurocytoma harboring metastatic melanoma. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported case of tumor-to-tumor metastasis to a central neurocytoma. The most common pattern of tumor-to-tumor metastasis for intracranial neoplasms, in which an aggressive high-grade malignancy serves as the source tumor and a more indolent neoplasm serves as the recipient tumor, is affirmed by the present novel example.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = melanoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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