1/6. CNS toxoplasmosis as the initial presentation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.Neurological manifestations are present in 30% to 60% of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and may be the initial presentation in 10% to 20% of cases. central nervous system toxoplasmosis now represents the most common focal brain lesion in patients with AIDS and possibly the most common opportunistic infection. A case of fulminant central nervous system toxoplasmosis as the initial presentation of AIDS is presented. Emergency physicians will be confronted with neurological complications of AIDS with increasing frequency in the future and should maintain a high index of suspicion for human immunodeficiency virus infection in young patients with neurological dysfunction.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/6. central nervous system tuberculosis with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and its related complex.central nervous system tuberculosis occurred in three patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and seven patients with aids-related complex who were evaluated for 48 months. Nine patients were intravenous drug abusers and one was Haitian. Five patients had cerebral-ring-enhancing lesions and three had hypodense areas. The clinical spectrum included meningitis in two patients, multiple cerebral abscesses in one, and tuberculomas in four. All mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were sensitive to standard antituberculous drugs. All patients received treatment with isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide; six patients also received streptomycin. Three patients with AIDS died of opportunistic infection preceded by central nervous system tuberculosis. Among the patients with the aids-related complex, three improved with treatment, three were lost to follow-up, and one died. Tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of central nervous system mass lesions in intravenous drug abusers with AIDS or aids-related complex. Because patients with tuberculosis can be cured, biopsy of accessible brain mass lesions should be mandatory. Preventive therapy may be indicated in drug abusers without disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/6. Fatal CNS toxoplasmosis in a homosexual man.A compromised cellular immunity associated with an increased frequency of tumors and fatal opportunistic infections has recently been reported in homosexual men. We studied a homosexual man with fatal CNS toxoplasmosis to emphasize the value of CT in CNS toxoplasmosis and to alert neurologists to potentially curable opportunistic infections.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/6. pathology of neurologic disease in AIDS.The brain is a frequent target of damage in AIDS. In addition to abundant opportunistic infections, hiv itself can cause CNS destruction. Numerous important clinical questions await a basic understanding of the pathogenesis of hiv-associated nervous system destruction. Why does hiv, like many other retroviruses, attack the CNS? How does it get into the CNS, and once it is there, what controls viral replication? What is the mechanism(s) by which hiv mediates CNS damage, and how soon after infection is this process initiated? In the next few years, there will be a rapid convergence of multiple approaches to understanding the pathogenesis of hiv damage in the brain. What clinicians learn will not only aid those patients afflicted with AIDS, but very likely will provide insights into numerous other mysterious and potentially retrovirus-mediated brain diseases.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/6. Invasive aspergillosis of the central nervous system.Advancing technology permits aggressive medical interventions that are often lifesaving, yet place the patient's immune system in temporary jeopardy. During the interval of immunocompromise, physicians must maintain vigilance for opportunistic infection by saprophytic organisms such as aspergillus. Although the lung is the most common site of infection by this fungus, subsequent hematogenous dissemination with central nervous system involvement may occur. Currently, the majority of aspergillus infections of the central nervous system remain unrecognized until the patient's demise. The clinical and pathological features of aspergillosis of the central nervous system are reviewed in order to promote earlier diagnosis and treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/6. opportunistic infections of the central nervous system in children with hiv infection: report of 9 autopsy cases and review of literature.central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities attributed to direct effects of hiv infection are seen in most of children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Secondary CNS infections with opportunistic and common pathogens are infrequent in this age group. We report 9 cases of opportunistic infection of the CNS found among 65 autopsy cases of pediatric AIDS. These included 4 cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, 1 of which was associated with aspergillosis, and 2 cases of candidiasis, 1 of which coexisted with mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) infection. There were also 2 cases of leptomeningitis, 1 due to mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and the other to cryptococcus neoformans. In 1 child progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) coexisted with mycotic encephalitis caused by an aspergillus sp.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |