1/275. Contralateral deafness following unilateral suboccipital brain tumor surgery in a patient with large vestibular aqueduct--case report.A 68-year-old female developed contralateral deafness following extirpation of a left cerebellopontine angle epidermoid cyst. Computed tomography showed that large vestibular aqueduct was present. This unusual complication may have been caused by an abrupt pressure change after cerebrospinal fluid release, which was transmitted through the large vestibular aqueduct and resulted in cochlear damage.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/275. Infantile hiv encephalopathy associated with cerebral and cerebellar telangiectases.We describe a paediatric case of hiv encephalopathy associated with cerebral and cerebellar telangiectases. Although immunohistochemistry failed to show hiv in the walls of dilated blood vessels, or in their vicinity, brain capillary telangiectases might be an additional complication indirectly related to paediatric hiv infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 33.199743378701keywords = cerebral, brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/275. Infratentorial subdural empyema, pituitary abscess, and septic cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis secondary to paranasal sinusitis: case report.OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Infratentorial empyema, pituitary abscess, and septic cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis are all rare and potentially lethal conditions. The occurrence of all three in a single patient has not previously been described. We present such a case occurring in a young, otherwise healthy man. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 26-year-old man with a remote history of sinusitis developed rapidly progressive headache, fever, right eye pain, swelling, proptosis, and visual impairment. magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated diffuse pansinusitis, including sphenoid sinusitis, and extension of inflammation and infection into the adjacent cavernous sinuses, pituitary gland, and posterior fossa. INTERVENTION: Urgent drainage of the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses was performed; pus was not identified. The patient continued to deteriorate clinically with worsening of visual acuity. Computed tomography of the head performed the next day revealed worsening hydrocephalus and an enlarging posterior fossa subdural empyema. Urgent ventricular drainage and evacuation of the empyema was performed, and subsequently, the patient's clinical course improved. The microbiology results revealed alpha hemolytic streptococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococcus species. The patient survived but during the follow-up period had a blind right eye and pituitary insufficiency. CONCLUSION: Paranasal sinusitis can have devastating intracranial sequelae. Involvement of the adjacent pituitary gland and cavernous sinuses can result in serious neurological morbidity or mortality, and retrograde spread of infection through the basal venous system can result in subdural or parenchymal brain involvement. A high index of suspicion and aggressive medical and surgical treatment are crucial for patient survival, but the morbidity rate remains high. Our patient survived but lost anterior pituitary function and vision in his right eye.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.35046842969394keywords = brain, parenchymal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/275. Posterior fossa ischemia and bilateral vertebral artery hypoplasia.OBJECTIVE: To discuss cerebellar infarct in a patient with bilateral hypoplasia of the vertebral arteries. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 67-year-old woman suffered neck pain and headaches immediately after a minor motor vehicle accident. Fracture and dislocation were radiographically ruled out. Within a few days, the patient began to experience symptoms of vertigo and dizziness. Computed tomography scanning of the brain revealed a cerebellar infarct, and an angiogram of the vertebral arteries demonstrated bilateral hypoplasia. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: The cerebellar infarct created mild, stable symptoms, and the patient was monitored closely in a hospital setting until the risk of possible complications was negligible. After an uncomplicated and full recovery, the patient was given recommendations regarding critical neck positions to decrease the potential for further ischemic events. CONCLUSION: Cerebellar infarcts are rare and may be associated with rare vascular anomalies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/275. Hyperbaric chamber-related decompression illness in a patient with asymptomatic pulmonary sarcoidosis.An asymptomatic 46-yr-old male sustained an acute neurologic insult, appearing during the decompression phase of a 50-m dry hyperbaric chamber dive. The right hemisyndrome was most probably related to diving, since symptoms responded rapidly to the early commenced recompression therapy. Further diagnostics revealed a previously unknown pulmonary sarcoidosis with bilateral pulmonary opacities and pleural adhesions that might have predisposed to arterial gas embolism secondary to pulmonary barotrauma. This case may illustrate a potential risk of decompression illness even during dry chamber dives in patients suffering from asymptomatic pleuro-parenchymal pulmonary disease. The value of chest X-ray in the medical assessment of fitness to dive is therefore emphasized.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.10046842969394keywords = parenchymal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/275. Rare occurrence of intracerebellar colloid cyst. Case report.colloid cysts are rare intracerebral lesions that are preferentially encountered within the third ventricle. There are only a few reports in which colloid cysts are described in other locations such as the fourth ventricle. A symptomatic intracerebellar colloid cyst in a 45-year-old woman is described. The patient presented with headache, gait disturbance, and nausea. Neuroradiological imaging revealed compression of the fourth ventricle, hydrocephalus, and an intracerebellar cystic lesion measuring 4 x 5 cm that had a small peripheral solid portion. The cyst was successfully removed via a paramedian suboccipital approach. Postoperatively, the patient recovered quickly. The findings in the present report represent an additional example of the broad spectrum of cystic lesions encountered in the cerebellum.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6.7248019312037keywords = cerebral, intracerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/275. Cerebellar hemorrhage after supratentorial surgery for treatment of epilepsy: report of three cases.OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: We report three cases of cerebellar hemorrhage complicating supratentorial craniotomies for the treatment of epilepsy. In a literature review, we identified only four similar cases of cerebellar hemorrhage after temporal lobectomy for the treatment of epilepsy. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND RESULTS: Three young and otherwise healthy patients underwent frontal, occipital, and temporal resections for the treatment of refractory epilepsy. The hemorrhage manifested as peduncular tremor, ataxia, and decerebrate posturing presenting early in the postoperative period. The diagnosis was established by computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging. Benign outcomes were observed for all patients. CONCLUSION: Based on the available data, it is our opinion that brain dislocation resulting from excessive intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid drainage is a possible mechanism for this rare complication of supratentorial craniotomy. The overdrainage seems to be less hazardous when the procedure is performed for the removal of space-occupying mass lesions. In contrast, the resection of nonexpanding tissues, such as in lobectomies for the treatment of epilepsy, may be an additional risk factor, because the incidence of this complication seems to be higher in these situations.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/275. Cerebellar and basal ganglion involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis.Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease of unknown cause characterised by proliferation of histiocytic granulomas in tissues; the primary cerebral manifestation is diabetes insipidus caused by hypothalamic infiltration. We present a patient in whom, except for the absence of high signal on T1 weighting in the posterior pituitary, consistent with central diabetes insipidus, MRI showed no evidence of hypothalamic involvement by histiocytosis, despite the long duration of the disease. However, there was bilateral, symmetrical involvement of the cerebellum and globus pallidus in addition to a calvarial lesion. High signal in the cerebellar white matter on T2-weighted images may represent demyelination, gliosis and cell loss, as previously reported on pathologic examination.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6.5899486757402keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/275. Diffuse pachygyria with cerebellar hypoplasia: a milder form of microlissencephaly or a new genetic syndrome?We report on 2 families with diffuse pachygyria and cerebellar hypoplasia, who presented hypotonia, ataxia, seizures, and developmental delay since infancy. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed decreased gyral formation in the cerebral cortex and marked hypoplasia in the cerebellum. Cerebellar hypoplasia is often associated with type 2 lissencephaly; however, our cases showed no polymicrogyria, and their clinical findings were quite mild compared with those of microlissencephaly. Their characteristic phenotype suggested a new genetic syndrome, which was possibly inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6.5899486757402keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/275. Palatal myoclonus--a case report.Palatal myoclonus is usually due to a brainstem or cerebellar lesion disrupting the dentato-rubro-olivary pathway. Rarely it may be caused by a cortical lesion. The precipitating factor in 70% of all cases is an infarct. We describe an unusual case of a patient with palatal myoclonus who had an old ipsilateral cerebellar infarct and a new contralateral subcortical (corona radiata) infarct. We postulate that the new infarct caused disinhibition of the old cerebellar infarct, resulting in palatal myoclonus. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain did not show any hypertrophy of the inferior olivary nucleus. Her myoclonus proved refractory to clonazepam, valproate and phenytoin.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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