1/41. Cerebral arteritis following methylphenidate use.stroke is a well-documented complication of amphetamine abuse. methylphenidate, chemically and pharmacologically similar to amphetamines, is widely used in the treatment of attention deficit disorder in children. The possibility of vasculitis connected to methylphenidate should not be surprising. A case is reported of stroke associated with ingestion of methylphenidate in an 8-year-old boy. family history was negative and other causes of vasculitis were excluded. We draw your attention to the risk of using methylphenidate for a long period of time.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vasculitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/41. MRI in human immunodeficiency virus-associated cerebral vasculitis.Cerebral ischaemia caused by inflammatory vasculopathies has been described as complication of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. Imaging studies have shown ischaemic lesions and changes of the vascular lumen, but did not allow demonstration of abnormalities within the vessel wall itself. Two hiv-infected men presented with symptoms of a transient ischaemic attack. Initial MRI of the first showed no infarct; in the second two small lacunar lesions were detected. In both cases, multiplanar 3-mm slice contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images showed aneurysmal dilatation, with thickening and contrast enhancement of the wall of the internal carotid and middle cerebral (MCA) arteries. These findings were interpreted as indicating cerebral vasculitis. In the first patient the vasculopathy progressed to carotid artery occlusion, and he developed an infarct in the MCA territory, but then remained neurologically stable. In the second patient varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection was the probable cause of vasculitis. The clinical deficits and vasculitic MRI changes regressed with antiviral and immunosuppressive therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = vasculitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/41. Plasmacellular angiitis of the brain-supplying arteries with disseminated cerebral necroses.A 55-year-old previously healthy woman developed disseminated neurological symptoms together with an organic psychosis over a period of several months. The symptoms progressed continuously despite all therapeutic attempts, and finally the patient died in a state of tetraparesis and coma. Brain biopsy showed necrosis and gliosis of the white matter, but no vasculitic changes. autopsy revealed numerous necroses of the cerebral cortex and white matter. Signs of inflammation were absent throughout the whole brain. The adventitia of the brain-supplying arteries, especially both carotid arteries, showed a marked cellular infiltrate that consisted mainly of plasma cells and foam cells. The findings represent an unusual type of cerebral vasculitis whose etiology and pathogenesis are unknown.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 232.35071406696keywords = angiitis, vasculitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/41. Neuroborreliosis causing focal cerebral arteriopathy in a child.A 9-year-old girl presented with an acute right-sided hemiparesis. Initially, the clinical presentation and stable vasculopathic abnormalities on MR and conventional angiography were suspicious of a so-called "transient cerebral arteriopathy". Mild but persistent pleocytosis and an elevated CSF IgG index led to an extensive search for infectious and immunological causes of cerebral vasculitis, eventually revealing neuroborreliosis. Although rare, infectious and potentially treatable causes of arterial ischemic stroke should be considered in every child with a documented cerebral arteriopathy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = vasculitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/41. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy with cerebral involvement.In a patient with angiographically proven cerebral vasculitis five months after acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) neurological symptoms promptly responded to steroid treatment. cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed a lymphocytic pleocytosis. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multifocal white matter lesions in the hemispheres and the brain stem suggesting a diffuse subcortical vasculitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vasculitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/41. Varicella with delayed hemiplegia.We report 4 children who developed acute hemiplegia 7 weeks to 4 months after varicella infection. In 2 patients, carotid angiography demonstrated segmental narrowing and occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Their clinical and angiographic features were similar to those associated with contralateral hemiplegia after herpes zoster ophthalmicus, the pathogenesis of which comprises cerebral angiitis due to varicella zoster viral infection. We believe that our patients had the same pathogenesis. In a survey of infectious diseases in our region, the frequency of varicella with delayed hemiparesis was roughly 1:6,500 varicella patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 57.962678516741keywords = angiitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/41. Multiple ischemic infarcts in a child with AIDS, varicella zoster infection, and cerebral vasculitis.A 4 1/2-year-old girl with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and prolonged varicella zoster virus skin infection developed multiple ischemic strokes and radiologic and histopathologic evidence of central nervous system vasculitis. Typical features of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome encephalitis were not present and there was no evidence of vasculitis outside the nervous system. central nervous system vasculitis probably resulted from varicella zoster virus infection that persisted because of immunodeficiency. This acquired immunodeficiency syndrome complication has only rarely been described in adults and to our knowledge has not been described in children.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.5keywords = vasculitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/41. Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery due to cysticercotic angiitis.Three patients with cysticercosis developed a cerebral infarct secondary to the occlusion of the middle cerebral artery or its major branches. Histopathologic examination revealed a large subarachnoid cysticercus surrounding the occluded arteries in two patients and diffuse thickening of the leptomeninges in one. blood vessels around the parasite showed inflammatory changes that caused either occlusive endarteritis or thrombosis due to disruption of the endothelium. cysticercosis should be considered as a cause of occlusion of the major intracranial vessels, particularly in young patients living in areas where this disease is endemic.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 231.85071406696keywords = angiitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/41. Cerebral vasculitis associated with hairy cell leukemia.Hairy cell leukemia was diagnosed in a 74-year-old man. He was followed for 5 years when he developed confusion and focal neurological signs. Despite investigation and treatment he died. Postmortem study revealed isolated primary necrotizing vasculitis affecting the cerebral arteries. No leukemic infiltration of the central nervous system was found. There is a recognized association between hairy cell leukemia and generalized necrotizing vasculitis of polyarteritis type, however, this is the first case report of isolated cerebral vasculitis associated with this condition. The importance of excluding infective (mycotic) arteries in this type of case is emphasized.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.5keywords = vasculitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/41. Granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system: protean manifestations and response to treatment.Granulomatous angiitis is an uncommon necrotising vasculitis of unknown cause restricted to vessels of the central nervous system. Five tissue-proven cases emphasise the protean manifestations of this disease and the difficulties encountered in reaching a diagnosis. One patient presented with a temporoparietal mass, the second, a progressive dementia, the third suggested herpes simplex encephalitis, the fourth mimicked multi-infarct state; and the fifth presented with a cerebellar mass lesion. In four cases with CSF examination, protein was elevated (81-193 gm/l) and three patients had mononuclear pleocytosis (12-800 WBC/mm3). Cerebral arteriogram suggested vasculitis in only one of four cases. diagnosis was made by brain biopsy in three cases and all three were treated successfully. The diagnosis in the two other cases was made at postmortem examination.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 290.81339258371keywords = angiitis, vasculitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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