1/18. Sneddon's syndrome and antithrombin iii.Sneddon's syndrome, an uncommon disorder, is characterized by multiple cerebrovascular accidents along with ideopathic livedo reticularis. In this article, two cases who had increased amounts of antithrombin iii and were diagnosed with Sneddon's syndrome are presented.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/18. Sneddon's syndrome: a case report.We report a case of Sneddon's syndrome with the triad of livedo reticularis, hypertension, and neurologic symptoms. The procedures for diagnosis and the tests to delineate clotting abnormalities are examined.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/18. sneddon syndrome with multiple cerebral infarctions 12 years after the onset of livedo vasculitis: a possible involvement of platelet activation.sneddon syndrome is characterized by livedo reticularis and multiple cerebral infarctions. Skin and central nervous system symptoms usually have a synchronous onset and at times initial symptoms affect one of them, the other lagging several years behind. We here report a patient with sneddon syndrome who developed multiple cerebral infarctions more than 10 years after the onset of livedo reticularis. While the neurological symptoms were apparent, the patient did not display active skin manifestations. Laboratory findings excluded collagen diseases, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, and inherited quantitative deficiency of protein c, protein s and antithrombin iii. Abnormal findings included extremely elevated levels of beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor-4 in the blood, although these acute phase markers of thrombosis were examined several years after the onset of cerebral infarctions. platelet activation may have caused sneddon syndrome in the present case.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.5911099571833keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/18. Sneddon's syndrome: MR imaging findings.Sneddon's syndrome is a systemic disease characterized by generalized livedo racemosa and cerebrovascular disease. We present a case of Sneddon's syndrome which has typical dermatological lesions and occipital infarct demonstrated by both CT and MRI.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.14777748929582keywords = livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/18. sneddon syndrome presenting with hemicranic attacks: a case report.The case of a young woman suffering from a rare cerebrovascular disease associated with livedo reticularis (sneddon syndrome) is reported. Hemicranic attacks were the first symptom detected. The patient had a progressive clinical course of neurologic symptoms. Cerebral CT scan, NMR and cerebral arteriography revealed a progressive cerebral multifarctual feature involving middle-size arteries.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/18. A case of Sneddon's syndrome with positive ANA and anti-cardiolipin antibodies: primary anti-phospholipid syndrome?A 22-year-old woman developed ulcerative lesions on the lower extremities which usually exacerbated during the summer. Histological analysis revealed a micro-thrombotic lesion in the deep dermis without inflammatory cell infiltration or fibrinoid degeneration of blood vessels. magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple cerebral infarctions. Abnormal laboratory findings included an elevated anti-cardiolipin antibody titer and positive speckled pattern ANA (x80), but without other manifestations or signs of SLE. FACS analysis revealed that the patient's serum reacted with ethanol fixed endothelial cells in addition to keratinocytes and peripheral blood neutrophils. This case was thought to be livedo reticularis and cerebral thrombotic lesions (Sneddon's syndrome) associated with atrophie blanche or livedo(id) vasculitis and may be one clinical subset of primary anti-phospholipid syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.1477774892958keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/18. Systemic gas embolism complicating mechanical ventilation in the adult respiratory distress syndrome.Most forms of barotrauma related to mechanical ventilation are known to occur in both adult and pediatric patients. The pressure-driven transfer of gas from the alveolar compartment to the systemic circulation, a devastating complication of ventilatory support in infants, is not generally recognized as a consequence of ventilatory support in adults. Two young adult patients who received ventilatory support with high levels of positive pressure for pneumonia and the adult respiratory distress syndrome developed massive sub-pleural air cysts, interstitial emphysema, and tension pneumothoraces. Despite receiving appropriate treatment for these problems, the patients had recurrent episodes of cerebral infarction, myocardial injury, and a characteristic pattern of livedo reticularis. This distinctive triad of findings, otherwise unexplained and occurring in the setting of cystic barotrauma, is highly suggestive of systemic gas embolism. Although our patients presented with dramatic clinical features, we believe that patients with ventilator-related gas embolism may present more commonly with subtler signs, such as puzzling disturbances in heart rhythm or mental status, seizure activity, hypotension, localized pain, or other embolic manifestations readily ascribed to other causes in critically ill patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/18. Sneddon's syndrome: an antiphospholipid antibody syndrome?A 44-year-old woman with livedo reticularis, multiple ischemic strokes, and transient ischemic attacks (Sneddon's syndrome) had antiphospholipid antibodies--the lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies. This patient provides support for the hypothesis that these antibodies are involved in the pathogenesis of this rare but now potentially treatable disorder.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/18. connective tissue disease associated with sclerodermoid features, early abortion, and circulating anticoagulant.An 18-year-old white woman admitted for an incomplete septic abortion was found to have thrombocytopenia, anemia, and increased activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Additionally, results of nontreponemal serologic tests for syphilis were positive, and the fluorescent antinuclear antibody was weakly positive. A mixture of the patient's plasma with normal control plasma showed that the elevation in activated PTT was the result of a circulating anticoagulant, not an inherent clotting defect. Sclerodermoid features were present and consisted of bound-down, hairless skin and scattered subcutaneous indurated plaques. A faint pattern consistent with livedo reticularis was recognized on all extremities. biopsy specimens of sclerodermoid lesions showed increased and thickened dermal collagen consistent with morphea. We believe that this patient's condition represents an unusual connective tissue disease syndrome consisting of abortion, livedo reticularis, thrombocytopenia, circulating "anticoagulant," negative or slightly positive antinuclear antibodies, and false positive results on nontreponemal serologic tests for syphilis. Sclerodermoid lesions were also a unique feature in our patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/18. Thalamic neglect. Possible role of the medial thalamus and nucleus reticularis in behavior.A patient had an ischemic infarction of the right medial thalamus, with a resultant contralateral neglect syndrome. We propose that the medial thalamic nuclei, particularly centromedian and parafascicularis (CMPF), are normally involved in the arousal-activation process by which an organism can be aroused by and respond to novel or important stimuli. Specifically, we propose that (1) the mesencephalic reticular formation subserves tonic arousal to novel or painful stimuli by inhibiting the nucleus reticularis thalami (NR) and (2) that selective attention is mediated by cortical input to NR. The CMPF is closely associated with motor systems (basal ganglia, ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus [VL], and frontal lobes). A pathway involving CMPF, the frontal cortex, and the portion of NR associated with VL may be important in preparing the tonically aroused organism for action. Unilateral lesions of CMPF therefore induce an asymmetric hypokinesia, and bilateral lesions may induce akinetic mutism.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.179708733175keywords = reticularis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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