1/19. Congenital varicella syndrome: a rare case of central nervous system involvement without dermatological features.An unusual case of congenital varicella syndrome with significant central nervous system involvement, but without dermatological features at birth is described. The mother contracted chicken pox at 15 weeks' gestation. Congenital varicella syndrome involves multiple systems, but rarely without skin lesions identifiable at birth. Although varicella infection in pregnant women is an uncommon complication, the fetal embryopathy that may result can be devastating. Antenatal diagnosis of fetal embryopathy during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy should be established by amniocentesis or cordocentesis when a mother presents in the first trimester with chicken pox, and appropriate risk counselling provided.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/19. central nervous system and renal vasculitis associated with primary varicella infection in a child.A 7-year-old girl with primary varicella presented with encephalopathy and focal neurologic deficits 10 days after her first skin lesions appeared. She was discovered to have bilateral wedge-shaped renal infarctions, and ischemic lesions in the conus medullaris, cerebral cortex, and deep gray matter consistent with a medium and large vessel arteritis on magnetic resonance imaging. This complication has never before been reported in an immunocompetent child with primary varicella infection, and it represents a rare but serious complication of childhood chickenpox.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.18920300044838keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/19. Postvaricella angiopathy: report of a case with pathologic correlation.Varicella is a common childhood illness, and central nervous system complications occur frequently. Delayed angiopathy has been described, although there are few reports of clinicopathologic correlation. A previously well 4-year-old male is presented. He suffered varicella 2 months before presentation with extensive right middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarction. cerebral angiography demonstrated an isolated 89% stenosis of the right proximal MCA. He developed cerebral edema refractory to medical treatment and progressed to transtentorial herniation. Right frontal temporoparietal craniotomies were performed with evacuation of infarcted brain tissue. Pathologic studies revealed small vessel vasculitis with lymphocytic infiltration of the vessel wall. Areas of demyelination were present within the white matter. polymerase chain reaction for varicella was negative on brain tissue. Postvaricella angiopathy, although an uncommon complication, may affect both small and large blood vessels, with catastrophic results.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/19. Epidural blood patch and acute varicella.We present the case of a 38-yr-old woman who required an epidural blood patch in the context of acute varicella (chickenpox). The unique risks in this case include the possible triggering of central nervous system complications after the introduction of viremic blood into the epidural or intrathecal space. However, the risk was believed to be acceptable because the patient was receiving antiviral coverage. She enjoyed complete relief of her headache but experienced transient back and leg pain. Leptomeningeal irritation caused by acute varicella infection may put patients at increased risk for pain after epidural blood patch.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/19. Group A streptococcal subdural empyema as a complication of varicella.Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus and staphylococcus aureus are the 2 most common pathogens implicated in secondary invasive bacterial disease after varicella. We describe a 3-month-old male infant from british columbia, canada, who presented on day 5 of varicella skin rash with fever, seizures, lethargy, and evidence of intracranial hypertension. A prominent subdural empyema was documented, and streptococcus pyogenes was recovered from the subdural fluid. central nervous system bacterial complications should be part of the differential diagnosis for infants and children with chickenpox who present with fever, lethargy, focal seizures, or similar neurologic findings. This case illustrates the importance of universal varicella vaccination to prevent associated bacterial complications of chickenpox.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.047300750112096keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/19. Hodgkin's disease and granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system.Granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system, a pathologic entity associated previously with a fatal prognosis, is reported in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. Viral isolation, indirect fluorescent antibody, and electron microscopic studies performed on fresh cerebral tissue were negative. The granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system in this patient remitted following therapy for Hodgkin's disease. The epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic data in all reported cases of granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system suggest that it: 1) may have more than one etiology; 2) may not always be fatal; 3) is associated with varicella-zoster virus and Hodgkin's disease; 4) is one of two granulomatous reactions found in association with Hodgkin's disease; and when found with Hodgkin's disease, 5) may remit with adequate therapy for the lymphoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.4keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/19. central nervous system vasculitis after chickenpox--cause or coincidence?A 7.5 year old boy, known to have a seizure disorder, presented with an infarct in the left middle cerebral artery territory, 10 weeks after severe chickenpox. Immunofluorescent antibody titre to the varicella zoster virus in the cerebrospinal fluid was 1:32. cerebral angiography showed evidence of focal vasculitis. He presented again seven months later with an acute exacerbation of seizures. magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed an old posterior extension of the infarct, but a repeated angiography demonstrated an improvement in the vasculitic process. cerebrospinal fluid antibody titre was again 1:32. Although this may have been an unfortunate coincidence, a possible association between chickenpox and vasculitis, similar to that reported with herpes zoster, and with potentially significant clinical implications, should be considered. As a definite proof can be obtained only by a brain biopsy, however, which is generally not indicated in such cases, only additional clinical reports can lead to delineation of this association as a definite entity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.18920300044838keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/19. viruses, neurodevelopmental disorder and childhood psychosis.Four cases are described of prepubertal boys in whom the convergence of neurodevelopmental disorder, viral infection and psychosis seemed more than coincidental. review of the literature highlights the possibility that viral infection of the central nervous system may play a contributory role in childhood psychosis. Whilst it is essential to avoid a reductionist stance when investigating these difficult conditions, the emergence of potent anti-viral treatments and sophisticated methods of identifying the presence of viral infection should encourage us to consider more carefully the relevance of viruses in childhood psychosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/19. Multiple ischemic infarcts in a child with AIDS, varicella zoster infection, and cerebral vasculitis.A 4 1/2-year-old girl with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and prolonged varicella zoster virus skin infection developed multiple ischemic strokes and radiologic and histopathologic evidence of central nervous system vasculitis. Typical features of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome encephalitis were not present and there was no evidence of vasculitis outside the nervous system. central nervous system vasculitis probably resulted from varicella zoster virus infection that persisted because of immunodeficiency. This acquired immunodeficiency syndrome complication has only rarely been described in adults and to our knowledge has not been described in children.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.29460150022419keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/19. Recurrent and pre-eruptive acute cerebellar ataxia: a rare case of varicella.This is a report of an unusual case of acute cerebellar ataxia in which the ataxia recurred after a 6 week interval and the second episode of ataxia antedated the varicella exanthem by 19 days, suggesting the direct invasion of the central nervous system by the varicella virus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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