1/48. Anticonvulsant-induced dyskinesias: a comparison with dyskinesias induced by neuroleptics.anticonvulsants cause dyskinesias more commonly than has been appreciated. Diphenylhydantoin (DPH), carbamazepine, primidone, and phenobarbitone may cause asterixis. DPH, but not other anticonvulsants, may cause orofacial dyskinesias, limb chorea, and dystonia in intoxicated patients. These dyskinesias are similar to those caused by neuroleptic drugs and may be related to dopamine antagonistic properties possessed by DPH.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = dyskinesia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/48. chorea in patients with AIDS.OBJECTIVE: To describe differing etiologies and possible anatomoclinical correlates of choreic movements in a series of AIDS patients. methods: We analyzed the clinical records and neuroimaging data of 5 consecutive AIDS patients who developed choreic movements at our center from January, 1994 to December, 1996. RESULTS: There were 2 cases of focal choreic dyskinesias, 1 of right hemichorea, and 2 of generalized chorea. Onset was acute and febrile in 1 case, and subacute in the other 4. In 1 patient the chorea was the AIDS onset symptom; in another choreic movements were the first neurological symptom following AIDS diagnosis; in 2 patients AIDS had a neurological onset other than chorea; and in the fifth patient buccofacial dyskinesias appeared following the development of bacterial encephalitis. CONCLUSION: chorea was associated with cerebral toxoplasmosis in 2 patients, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in 1, subacute hiv encephalopathy in another, and was probably iatrogenic in the last. chorea is not unusual in AIDS, however the causes are variable and careful neuroradiological and clinical evaluation is required to identify them. AIDS-related disease should be considered in young patients presenting with chorea without a family history of movement disorders.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.18181818181818keywords = dyskinesia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/48. Thalamic stimulation for choreiform movement disorders in children. Report of two cases.Surgery for movement disorders is most commonly performed in patients with dyskinesia and tremor associated with Parkinson's disease or in those with essential tremor. The role of ablative surgery or deep brain stimulation in patients with choreiform movements is poorly defined. The authors placed thalamic stimulation systems in two children with disabling choreiform disorders due to intracerebral hemorrhage or cerebral palsy. Each patient displayed choreiform movements in the upper extremities both at rest and with intention, which interfered with daily activities and socialization. Both children obtained significant improvement in their choreiform movements, and their upper extremity function improved with no incidence of morbidity. Thalamic stimulation appears to be a promising and nonablative approach for children with choreiform movement disorders.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.090909090909091keywords = dyskinesia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/48. chorea as a symptom of neuroborreliosis: a case study.borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) can cause a large number of neurological symptoms. Although extrapyramidal disturbances are rare (representing less than 2% of all neurological complications), diffuse choreic dyskinesias have been described during the course of mild encephalitis. The data published in the literature suggest that there are clinical and neurological analogies between neuroborreliosis and multiple sclerosis (MS). The presence of specific anti-Bb antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid is a discriminating factor that allows a diagnosis of neuroborreliosis to be made. We describe the case of a patient with lyme disease, characterised by widespread chorea and behavioural disturbances. Emphasis is placed on the atypical onset and evolution, the difficulties encountered in formulating a diagnosis, and the uncertainties concerning the pathophysiology and clinical/neuroradiological correlations of the disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.090909090909091keywords = dyskinesia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/48. role of vitamin e in rheumatic chorea.Rheumatic chorea is the sole neurologic manifestation of rheumatic fever. It is a debilitating illness lasting for weeks to months. Drugs like diazepam, haloperidol, chlorpromazine take four to six weeks for functional improvement and can cause serious side effects. The authors investigated the role of vitamin e in reducing rheumatic chorea. A case series of patients of rheumatic chorea were administered vitamin e in the dose 50 IU daily for fifteen days. The various clinical signs of rheumatic chorea were scored with MAIMS score (Modified Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale score) which is used for tardive dyskinesia. No other drug for abnormal movements was used. In all the 4 patients who received vitamin e, there was remarkable change by 7th day and almost complete functional improvement by 14th day. vitamin e is safer than the conventional drugs used for chorea in children. It was found effective in this case series. Its role needs further evaluation by a double-blind randomized controlled trial.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.090909090909091keywords = dyskinesia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/48. Hemidystonia and hemichoreoathetosis as an initial manifestation of moyamoya disease.OBJECTIVE: To describe hemidystonia and hemichoreoathetosis in an adult patient with moyamoya disease without a previous history of cerebrovascular accident. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Tertiary care center. PATIENT: A 22-year-old woman suddenly developed dystonic spasms in her left hand and left foot after a severe emotional stress. The dyskinesia gradually subsided over the next 4 months. Five months after the onset, she suddenly developed choreoathetoid movement in her right hand and right foot. MAIN OUTCOME AND RESULTS: The patient had both somatic and cortical sensory deficits in the right hand and right foot. magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed an infarction at the right putamen and lesions involving the right frontal lobe and the left frontotemporoparietal lobe. Magnetic resonance cerebral angiography showed severe stenoses of both internal carotid arteries at the supraclinoid portion and numerous collateral vessels, compatible with moyamoya disease. Single photon emission tomography of the brain showed hypoperfused areas at the right frontal and left frontotemporoparietal lobes. The choreoathetosis of the right limbs improved markedly, along with improvement of sensory deficits. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report of an adult patient presenting with hemidystonia and hemichoreoathetosis as the initial manifestations of moyamoya disease. Arch Neurol. 2000;57:1510-1512- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.090909090909091keywords = dyskinesia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/48. Co-segregation of benign infantile convulsions and paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis.We report seven families and two sporadic cases in which benign infantile convulsions and paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis were co-segregated. Clinical investigations included physical and neurological examinations, blood electrolyte values, interictal and ictal electroencephalograms, and computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. The family pedigree was confirmed and the clinical history of the relatives was obtained. Seventeen individuals developed infantile convulsions followed by paroxysmal dyskinesias during childhood or adolescence. Six had only infantile convulsions, and two had only paroxysmal dyskinesias. The seizures never persisted into childhood or recurred in adulthood. The seizure type was a complex partial seizure, with or without secondary generalization, in nine of 14 patients. Paroxysmal dyskinesias, a subgroup of paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis, occurred for less than 5 min. The attacks of dyskinesias began at age 5-12 years in most patients, and tended to remit in adulthood. The mode of inheritance was apparently autosomal dominant in four of the families (17 affected individuals), who were diagnosed with ICCA syndrome (infantile convulsions and paroxysmal choreoathetosis). However, the condition occurred only among siblings in three families (six patients), and sporadically in two patients, suggesting genetic heterogeneity in this distinct co-segregation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.36363636363636keywords = dyskinesia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/48. Presentation of striatal hyperintensity on T1-weighted MRI in patients with hemiballism-hemichorea caused by non-ketotic hyperglycemia: report of seven new cases and a review of literature.Recent studies have shown unique clinicoradiologic characteristics in patients with hemiballism-hemichorea (HB-HC) caused by non-ketotic hyperglycemia; however, there is still a limited number of patients being reported. We report 7 patients (3 males and 4 females) with this type of dyskinesia, whose ages ranged from 60 to 84 years. Brain CT of these patients showed hyperdensity in the contralateral striatum, corresponding with MRI studies that showed an increased signal intensity on T1-weighted images and a decreased signal on T2-weighted images. After metabolic control had been achieved, the hyperkinetic state of these patients abruptly ceased. Follow-up neuroimaging studies in 2 patients documentied complete resolution of the striatal hyperintensity on brain CT and MRI after 3 months and 6 months, respectively. A review of patients with HB-HC caused by non-ketotic hyperglycemia reported formerly and in the present study shows that the dyskinesia tends to occur in aged diabetic patients. The age of patients with dyskinesia secondary to cerebral infarction is generelly much lower. We also found that 86% (30 out of 35 cases) patients reported with HB-HC caused by non-ketotic hyperglycemia were Asians. The prognosis of the dyskinesia was excellent, and the radiological abnormalities are completely reversible.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.36363636363636keywords = dyskinesia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/48. anticonvulsants-induced chorea: a role for pharmacodynamic drug interaction?chorea is a rare side effect of anticonvulsants. We describe three patients who developed chorea secondary to anticonvulsant combination use. A mechanism to explain this finding is proposed.After identification of an index case with anticonvulsant-induced chorea, we reviewed the electronic data base records for all patients with seizures followed in the epilepsy clinics at our university-based hospital for cases of dyskinesia associated with anticonvulsants. Two additional patients, one adult and one pediatric patient were identified.Three patients developed chorea while receiving combination anticonvulsants. Two patients had transient chorea that resolved with withdrawal of one of the drugs. All three patients were using phenytoin and lamotrigine in combination when the chorea started, chorea improved with tapering one of the medications.Polytherapy with certain anticonvulsants may predispose patients to drug-induced chorea. A particular increased risk was seen with combinations that have phenytoin and lamotrigine. This could be due to an additive or a synergistic effect on central dopaminergic pathways.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.090909090909091keywords = dyskinesia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/48. Co-occurrence of infantile epileptic seizures and childhood paroxysmal choreoathetosis in one family: clinical, EEG, and SPECT characterization of episodic events.The co-occurrence of infantile convulsions and childhood paroxysmal choreoathetosis (ICCA syndrome) has recently been reported in several families. The pattern of familial clustering observed is consistent with a single locus mutation which has been mapped onto the pericentromeric region of chromosome 16. We studied the main clinical, electroencephalogram (EEG), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) characteristics of episodic events in a new family presenting clinical features similar to that described in the ICCA syndrome. In the first year of life, a mother and her two daughters suffered from rare afebrile seizures lasting from 30 seconds to 15 minutes. Ictal EEG recording in one daughter at 7 months of age showed bilateral polyspikes with a posterior predominance. In the three patients, epileptic seizures regressed within a few weeks, and never reoccurred. At the age of 7 and 12 years, respectively, the two daughters presented daily brief (20 seconds to 1 minute) involuntary choreoathetotic episodes. In 10 of these attacks, EEG did not show any epileptiform abnormalities. In both sisters, an ictal SPECT was performed during a choreoathetotic episode. Subtracting the ictal SPECT from the interictal SPECT coregistered to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed significant modifications in the local cerebral perfusion in the sensorimotor cortex, the supplementary motor areas, and pallidum. carbamazepine completely suppressed paroxysmal dyskinesias. These observations, together with literature data, suggest that in this syndrome, depending on brain maturation, the same genetic abnormality may result in different paroxysmal neurological symptoms.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.090909090909091keywords = dyskinesia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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