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1/20. Emergency correction of coagulation for mitral valve replacement in an orally anticoagulated 17-year-old patient with pronounced hepatic dysfunction.

    A 17-year-old patient with Shone's disease had to be readmitted to the hospital 3 months after implantation of an artificial aortic valve because of extreme mitral insufficiency with consecutive pulmonary edema and hepatic dysfunction. He had been orally anticoagulated and presented with a high international normalized ratio of 6.7. Emergency replacement of the mitral valve was possible only after administration of prothrombin-complex concentrate, as vitamin k(1) and fresh frozen plasma did not correct the hemostatic defect sufficiently. ( info)

2/20. budd-chiari syndrome associated with coagulation abnormalities in a child with carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type Ix.

    A 6-year-old male patient presented with budd-chiari syndrome and glycoprotein abnormalities associated with carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type I with yet unidentified molecular defect (type Ix). budd-chiari syndrome most likely developed after hepatic venous thrombosis caused by coagulation abnormalities resulting from hypoglycosylation and functional impairment of anticoagulant proteins. ( info)

3/20. Treatment of deep vein thrombosis using temporary vena caval filters after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

    Bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients have risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) including venous stasis caused by immobilization in the sterile unit, vessel wall damage caused by preparative regimen or indwelling catheters, and hypercoagulability caused by decreased natural anticoagulants. We successfully treated a patient who developed massive DVT in the superior vena cava after BMT with anticoagulation and the use of temporary vena caval filters. Considering the delayed complications, permanent filter is not appropriate for BMT recipients, because the risk factors for DVT associated with BMT are transient. We considered that temporary vena caval filter is a safe and useful device to prevent pulmonary embolism after DVT in BMT recipients. ( info)

4/20. Homozygous factor V Leiden mutation in a woman with multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes.

    We report a case with one intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) at 32 weeks of gestation, one premature delivery at the same week, and one abortion of unknown etiology at 12 weeks of gestation. We discuss that the presence of homozygosity for Factor V Leiden may be associated with placental insufficiency in this woman. Application of anticoagulant therapy may have been beneficial in her current pregnancy. ( info)

5/20. Combined deficiency of factors II, VII, IX, and X (Borgschulte-Grigsby deficiency) in pregnancy.

    BACKGROUND: Combined deficiency of vitamin k-dependent coagulation factors (II, VII, IX, X) is an uncommon challenge for the expectant gravida. CASE: A 34-year-old primigravida had congenital combined deficiency of factors II, VII, IX, and X that were incompletely sensitive to vitamin k. She had an altered form of vitamin k-dependent factors that retained immunologic activity but lacked coagulant activity and the normal complement of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues. She required vitamin k supplementation throughout her life. After an uneventful pregnancy she had postpartum hemorrhage resulting from an episiotomy. Fresh frozen plasma was administered to achieve hemostasis. The remainder of her postpartum course was normal. CONCLUSION: Combined congenital deficiency of factors II, VII, IX, and X can be managed in pregnancy with the use of vitamin k and fresh frozen plasma. ( info)

6/20. Inherited complete factor I deficiency associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, higher susceptibility to infection and low levels of factor H.

    Here we describe two new cases of complete deficiency of factor I (fI) in two sisters from a consanguineous Brazilian family. The eldest sibling (20-year-old) developed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) early during childhood while the youngest had been committed on several occasions owing to repeated infections although she was asymptomatic for auto-immune diseases. We also detected lower concentrations of C3 and factor B in both sisters. Biological functions dependent on complement activation such as the production of opsonins and killing of phagocytozed micro-organisms, chemotactic factors and haemolytic activity were all significantly reduced in both probands. Consistent with the absence of fI and low levels of fH, a deregulated production of C3b was observed by bidimensional electrophoresis in sera of both the probands. ( info)

7/20. Hereditary human complement c3 deficiency owing to reduced levels of C3 mRNA.

    An 8-year-old son (L.A.S.) of consanguineous parents, presented recurrent bacterial infections, vasculitis and extremely low levels of serum C3 (0.15 microg/ml). The classical and alternative pathway haemolytic activities and the generation of opsonins and chemotactic factors derived from the activation of the complement system were markedly affected in the proband's serum. An in vitro addition of purified C3 restored the classical pathway-dependent haemolytic activity of his serum. Autoradiographs of the proband's lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated and 35S-labelled fibroblast supernatants after that the SDS-PAGE revealed no C3 alpha or beta chains. The amount of C3 mRNA synthesized by the proband's fibroblasts, as evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, was greatly reduced. ( info)

8/20. Three new cases of dysfibrinogenemia: Poissy III, Saint-Germain I and Tahiti.

    In order to identify unknown mutations, the FAMA method was used to rapidly screen the fibrinogen chain genes in individuals with dysfibrinogenemias. Chemical cleavage at mismatches on heteroduplexes dna end-labeled with strand-specific fluorescent dyes reliably detects sequence changes in dna fragments of up to 1.5 kb and locates them precisely. This method was successfully used for the detection of three new dysfibrinogenemias: Poissy III, Tahiti (heterozygous Aalpha Arg16His) and Saint-Germain I (heterozygous AalphaGly12Val). The mutations were confirmed by dideoxy sequencing. ( info)

9/20. Management of splenic trauma in the pediatric hemophiliac patient: Case series and review of the literature.

    In July and August 1998, 3 patients who attend the Hemophilia Treatment Center required emergency admission to the authors' hospital for management of hemorrhagic shock caused by splenic injury. Computed tomography was used to diagnose and grade the splenic injuries, which ranged from II to IV on the organ injury scale. Two patients had Christmas disease (factor ix deficiency) and were treated with splenorrhaphy and factor ix replacement. One patient who has severe von Willebrand disease (Type 3) had grade II splenic injury that required splenectomy to secure hemostasis. The coagulopathic deficiency was aggressively treated in each patient. All patients required operative intervention with attempted splenorrhaphy. All patients survived their operative experience, and none suffered a rebleeding episode. With correction of the coagulopathy throughout the perioperative period and local hemostatic control by operative techniques, salvage procedures for splenic injury were successful for 2 of these 3 patients. ( info)

10/20. fibrinogen Saint-Germain I: a case of the heterozygous Aalpha GLY 12 --> VAL fibrinogen variant.

    A fibrinogen variant was suspected based on the results of routine coagulation tests in a 2-year-old asymptomatic child. Coagulation studies showed marked prolongation of both the thrombin and reptilase times, and discrepancy was noted between the level of plasma fibrinogen as measured by a kinetic versus immunological determination. family studies revealed that the father beared the same abnormality. Studies of purified fibrinogen revealed an impaired release of both fibrinopeptides by thrombin. Fibrin monomer polymerization and fibrin stabilization were normal. dna sequencing revealed a heterozygous G --> T point mutation in exon 2 of the gene coding for the Aalpha chain, which substituted a Gly for Val at position 12. Although the mutation is the same as in fibrinogen Rouen, fibrinogen Saint-Germain I shows a different fibrinopeptide release pattern and a mild factor v deficiency. ( info)
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