1/10. Antiretroviral-induced hepatic steatosis and lactic acidosis: case report and review of the literature.As the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection continues to rise the clinician is encountered with a diagnostic challenge. Nonsurgical diseases such as acute colitis or enteritis can appear similar to such true surgical emergencies as abscess, perforation, or mesenteric ischemia. We report a case of fulminant hepatic failure associated with didanosine and masquerading as a surgical abdomen and compare the clinical, biologic, histologic, and ultrastructural findings with reports described previously. This entity should be kept in mind when evaluating the acute abdomen in the hiv-positive patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = immunodeficiency (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/10. Ruptured degenerated uterine fibroid diagnosed by imaging.BACKGROUND: We report a ruptured uterine leiomyoma presenting as an acute abdomen. We document computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging features of a ruptured uterine fibroid. CASE: A woman with a large anterior wall uterine fibroid underwent a dilation and curettage for a threatened abortion. She had an uneventful recovery. Three weeks later, she presented with peritonitis. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging optimally depicted the ruptured fibroid and excluded other causes of acute abdomen. Exploratory laparotomy and myomectomy confirmed the diagnosis. CONCLUSION: This is a report of a ruptured degenerated fibroid causing acute abdomen outside of pregnancy. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging aided in correctly establishing the diagnosis and optimizing the management of this patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.015103075993274keywords = aid (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/10. diagnosis of the acute abdomen in the neurologically stable spinal cord-injured patient. A case study.The diagnosis of the acute abdomen in the spinal cord injured patient is difficult. Diagnoses are often so delayed that approximately 10% of these patients die of acute abdominal problems. The presentation also varies with the level and duration of injury. An understanding of the functional neuroanatomy of the abdominal wall and viscera aids in timely diagnosis. I present an illustrative case and describe the pertinent functional neuroanatomy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.015103075993274keywords = aid (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/10. Intestinal invasion and disseminated disease associated with penicillium chrysogenum.BACKGROUND: Penicillium sp., other than P. marneffei, is an unusual cause of invasive disease. These organisms are often identified in immunosuppressed patients, either due to human immunodeficiency virus or from immunosuppressant medications post-transplantation. They are a rarely identified cause of infection in immunocompetent hosts. CASE PRESENTATION: A 51 year old African-American female presented with an acute abdomen and underwent an exploratory laparotomy which revealed an incarcerated peristomal hernia. Her postoperative course was complicated by severe sepsis syndrome with respiratory failure, hypotension, leukocytosis, and DIC. On postoperative day 9 she was found to have an anastamotic breakdown. pathology from the second surgery showed transmural ischemic necrosis with angioinvasion of a fungal organism. Fungal blood cultures were positive for penicillium chrysogenum and the patient completed a 6 week course of amphotericin b lipid complex, followed by an extended course oral intraconazole. She was discharged to a nursing home without evidence of recurrent infection. DISCUSSION: penicillium chrysogenum is a rare cause of infection in immunocompetent patients. diagnosis can be difficult, but Penicillium sp. grows rapidly on routine fungal cultures. prognosis remains very poor, but aggressive treatment is essential, including surgical debridement and the removal of foci of infection along with the use of amphotericin b. The clinical utility of newer antifungal agents remains to be determined.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = immunodeficiency (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/10. A case of group B streptococcal pyomyositis.The group B streptococcus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a variety of serious infections including bacteremias, puerperal sepsis, and neonatal meningitis. Group B streptococcal infections of muscle are rare. We report here an unusual case of group B streptococcal pyomyositis. pyomyositis arises predominantly from infections caused by staphylococcus aureus and, occasionally, streptococcus pyogenes. Because of the rarity of pyomyositis in temperate climates, the common lack of localizing signs or symptoms, and the frequently negative blood cultures, considerable delay often precedes the diagnosis of pyomyositis; in fact, the infection has been initially misdiagnosed as muscle hematoma, cellulitis, thrombophlebitis, osteomyelitis, or neoplasm. diagnosis may be greatly aided by radiologic techniques that can demonstrate the sites of muscle enlargement and the presence of fluid collections. The response to antibiotics is usually rapid, but resolution of the infection may require aspiration of deeply situated muscle abscesses. This report describes a diabetic patient with an unusual presentation of pyomyositis that mimicked an acute abdomen.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.015103075993274keywords = aid (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/10. Surgical implications of infectious mononucleosis.A series of 50 consecutive patients admitted to the hospital with a primary diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis is reviewed, with particular emphasis on the abdominal complaints and physical findings. Forty-eight percent of the patients had abdominal pain. Abdominal symptoms were the chief complaint in 24 percent of the patients. Two cases of splenic rupture are presented. One case of spontaneous rupture of the spleen is emphasized, as there are only 18 well-documented cases of true spontaneous rupture of the spleen in infectious mononucleosis. Four young persons with infectious mononucleosis in Portland, oregon, recently bled to death at home from a ruptured spleen. Guidelines are presented to aid the surgeon in evaluating the patient with infectious mononucleosis. The risk of splenic rupture persists after the patient recovers. Recommendations are made regarding the resumption of physical activity in these young, active patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.015103075993274keywords = aid (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/10. Surgical treatment of lung cancer in patients with human immunodeficiency virus.BACKGROUND. Since January 1986, more than 20 patients have been seen at the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center and the Miami veterans Administration Medical Center with concurrent human immunodeficiency virus infection and bronchogenic carcinoma. Four of these patients were treated surgically with curative intent. methods. The histories, records, operative reports, and pathology reports of the 4 patients were reviewed. RESULTS. The 4 surgically treated patients had stage I T1 N0 M0 lung cancer. Three patients had T4 cell counts of less than 200/microL and were managed by lobectomy. These patients died 5, 3 1/2, and 5 months postoperatively. More recently, a fourth patient had a T4 cell count of 963/microL and was treated with wedge resection. He is currently alive 12 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS. It is concluded that surgically treated patients with lung cancer, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and T4 cell counts lower than 200/microL have high mortality and morbidity. Although it may be best to base surgical intervention on the stage of the patient's human immunodeficiency virus infection, further analysis is essential to determine which subgroup of human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients, if any, would benefit from surgical treatment of lung cancer.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 8keywords = immunodeficiency (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/10. A case of tetanus mimicking acute abdomen.A 47-year-old man presented with backache and signs of acute abdomen. An exploratory laparotomy was performed. Post-operatively he developed hypoxaemia in the operating theatre and was brought to the Surgical intensive care Unit for ventilatory support and further investigations. history was then retaken and revealed a minor foot injury one month ago with subsequent development of muscle spasm and dysphagia. The diagnosis of tetanus was made. The patient was then treated with human antitetanus immune globulin and crystalline penicillin. Ventilatory support was continued, aided by infusion of morphine, diazepam and alcuronium. The recovery course was complicated by chest infection, urinary tract infection and sympathetic overactivity. He improved later and ventilatory support was discontinued three weeks after admission. He then made uneventful recovery and was discharged from the hospital forty days after admission.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.015103075993274keywords = aid (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/10. Perforation of the colon in an adolescent girl.We report a case of a 13-year-old girl who presented with acute abdominal pain secondary to a sigmoid colon perforation. history, physical examination, and laboratory and radiographic studies were all suggestive, though not diagnostic, of an abdominal catastrophe. Her father died at the age of 30 from complications of bowel perforations and a vascular aneurysm. The unusual operative findings in our patient, together with her father's medical history, lead to the underlying diagnosis of ehlers-danlos syndrome. knowledge of this family history at the time of presentation could have aided in diagnosis. Clinical manifestations and etiology of ehlers-danlos syndrome are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.015103075993274keywords = aid (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/10. Perforation of the jejunum secondary to AIDS-related gastrointestinal Kaposi's sarcoma.intestinal perforation in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients due solely to Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has rarely been described. A homosexual man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related KS who presented with an acute abdomen is presented. He was found to have a jejunal perforation through a small KS lesion. There were no infectious organisms identified at the site of perforation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = immunodeficiency (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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