1/55. Conjunctival lymphoma masquerading as chronic conjunctivitis.OBJECTIVE: Malignant lesions of the conjunctiva may present with slowly evolving signs resembling inflammation. The authors describe the clinical and histopathologic findings of two patients with bilateral conjunctival lymphoma who presented with a history of chronic conjunctivitis without clinically noticeable subconjunctival nodules. DESIGN: Case report. PARTICIPANTS: Two patients. INTERVENTION: Both patients underwent conjunctival biopsy for evaluation of persistent conjunctival inflammation that did not respond to various medical treatment methods. RESULTS: Histopathologic examination revealed extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type) in one patient and follicle center lymphoma in the other patient. Both patients subsequently received radiation therapy and achieved a complete remission with no evidence of recurrence in the follow-up period of 20 and 16 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Conjunctival lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnoses of chronic conjunctivitis. Persisting signs and symptoms of conjunctivitis not responding to standard treatment should prompt biopsy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mucosa-associated, marginal zone, lymphoma, zone (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/55. Ocular surface neoplasia masquerading as chronic blepharoconjunctivitis.PURPOSE: To present the clinical characteristics and difficulties in the diagnosis of various ocular surface malignancies mimicking features of chronic blepharoconjunctivitis and to summarize the current therapeutic approach and prognosis of patients. methods: Six patients with slowly evolving signs of persistent inflammation underwent a conjunctival biopsy after a prolonged course of medical treatment. The medical records of the patients were reviewed. RESULTS: Histopathologic examination of the biopsy specimens revealed intraepithelial squamous neoplasia (one patient), invasive squamous cell carcinoma (one patient), sebaceous carcinoma (two patients), and conjunctival lymphoma (two patients). CONCLUSION: Although uncommon, ocular surface malignancies may involve the conjunctiva diffusely and present as chronic conjunctivitis. A high index of suspicion and an early histopathologic examination are essential to not delay diagnosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.072212125112767keywords = lymphoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/55. A conformal technique for a ring shaped conjunctive lymphoma treatment.radiotherapy is commonly utilised as standard treatment in the so called mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT), due to the low probability of distant relapse.The particularities of the lesion, make necessary both energy degradation and beam conformation. To keep homogeneity within acceptable limits, a lengthener attached to the electron applicator has been devised to closely fit the anatomy of the patient. Considering the small area of the outcoming field, film dosimetry is preferred, since the dimensions of an ionisation chamber and even of a semiconductor probe might be comparable to the field size.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.50775076208371keywords = mucosa-associated, lymphoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/55. Conjunctival MALT lymphoma: an usual cause of red eye.We describe a patient presenting with a red eye who was found to have conjunctival non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.57996288719647keywords = mucosa-associated, lymphoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/55. Oculocerebral non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with uveal involvement: development of an epibulbar tumor after vitrectomy.Primary ocular lymphoma is the ocular manifestation of primary oculocerebral non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We describe a 79-year-old woman with a 7-year history of bilateral uveitis and subsequent central nervous system lymphomas. Repeated diagnostic vitrectomy during the following 5 years failed to demonstrate intraocular lymphoma cells. Within 9 months after the second vitrectomy, an epibulbar tumor developed in the limbal region of the left eye at the site of the sclerotomy. The eye, blind and painful due to secondary angle-closure glaucoma, was enucleated. Histopathologically, the globe showed a diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma extending from the ciliary body outward through the sclerotomy. We conclude that, following vitrectomy, a primary ocular lymphoma may extend through the sclerotomy lesion and present as an epibulbar tumor. Uveal involvement may occur in oculocerebral non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.79433337624044keywords = lymphoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/55. Conjunctival T-cell lymphoma caused by human T-cell lymphotrophic virus infection.PURPOSE: To examine the cause of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. methods: We examined a conjunctival biopsy from a 29-year-old Jamaican man who developed bilateral conjunctival masses. adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma was diagnosed using routine histology, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, microdissection, and the polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS:Histopathologic examination revealed a conjunctival lymphoma. Clonality of the T-cell receptor gamma gene and human T-cell lymphotrophic virus gag gene were detected in the malignant cells. The demonstration of the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus gene and the rearrangement of the T-cell receptor gene in this neoplasm provide proof that human T-cell lymphotrophic virus is the cause of this conjunctival T-cell lymphoma. CONCLUSION: Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus is the cause of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, an aggressive malignancy of CD4 lymphocytes.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.64990912601491keywords = lymphoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/55. Bilateral conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma misdiagnosed as allergic conjunctivitis.PURPOSE: This report aimed to discuss two nearly identical cases of primary conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma mimicking allergic conjunctivitis. methods: Two patients were referred for intractability to conventional treatment of initial diagnoses of allergic conjunctivitis. On ocular examination, normally pigmented, giant papilla-like lesions were found bilaterally in the upper conjunctiva. Excisional biopsies were performed. RESULTS: Histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination of the conjunctival biopsies indicated MALT lymphoma in both patients. The patients subsequently received radiation therapy and achieved complete remission with no evidence of recurrence during follow-up periods of 13 and 11 months. CONCLUSION: Conjunctival low-grade lymphoma may share similar clinical features with allergic conjunctivitis. Ophthalmologists should be concerned that primary conjunctival low-grade malignant lymphoma can be misdiagnosed as allergic conjunctivitis- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6722083090653keywords = mucosa-associated, lymphoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/55. Primary lymphoma of the conjunctiva--a rare manifestation of indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.Lymphoid tumours of the conjunctiva are extremely rare. Such tumours can appear as an isolated neoplasm or as part of a systemic disease. We describe the clinical and histopathologic findings of a patient with bilateral conjunctival lymphoma who presented with a 5-year history of chronic conjunctivitis. After clinical staging, including (1) thoracic and abdominal computerised tomography scans, (2) magnetic resonance tomography of the brain and orbita, (3) fibre-optic gastrointestinoscopy, (4) colonoscopy and (5) bone marrow biopsy,.no other foci of the lymphoma were found. The patient received radiation therapy and achieved complete remission. We conclude that conjunctival lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnoses of chronic conjunctivitis. Persisting signs and symptoms of conjunctivitis not responding to standard treatment should prompt biopsy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.79433337624044keywords = lymphoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/55. CD5 expression in a lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type as a marker for early dissemination and aggressive clinical behaviour.Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) developing in response to chronic infection or autoimmune stimuli has been recognized as a possible site of origin for a distinct type of B-cell lymphoma. While preferentially occurring in the stomach, MALT-type lymphomas can be found in virtually all organs. MALT-type lymphomas normally follow an indolent course, with a tendency to remain localized at their site of origin for a prolonged period of time. Histologically, MALT-type lymphomas are heterogeneous covering a cytological spectrum ranging from centrocyte-like cells to smaller lymphoid cells or monocytoid B-cells. Usually a small number of transformed blasts are also present. Immunohistochemically, the malignant cells express markers of B-cell lineage, but are distinct from follicular lymphomas (which express CD10), mantle cell lymphomas (expressing cyclin d1 and CD5) and small lymphocytic lymphoma, which express CD5 and CD23. In contrast to the usual phenotype CD20 CD10-CD5-cyclin d1-, scattered reports in the literature have documented expression of CD5 in marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of MALT-type. However, these cases are rare, and aberrant CD5-expression has been thought to be a marker for early dissemination and aggressive behavior in some patients, while other reports have also found CD5 expression in localized indolent MALT-type lymphomas. We report a patient with a CD5 MALT-type lymphoma following an aggressive clinical course without histological progression who relapsed only 18 months after local radiotherapy at the initial localizations (conjunctiva of the right upper eye lid and hypopharynx), and showed a rapid generalization to the contralateral conjunctiva, mediastinal lymph nodes and the esophagogastric junction. Our case lends further support to the notion that CD5 MALT-lymphomas arising in the head-and-neck area and/or the ocular adnexa might be characterised by an aggressive clinical course.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.1621916606873keywords = mucosa-associated, marginal zone, lymphoma, zone (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/55. Fornix and conjunctiva reconstruction by amniotic membrane in a patient with conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.BACKGROUND: Conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a rare, low-grade, non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. Herein, we report our successful management of the large conjunctival defect caused by resection of conjunctival MALT lymphoma by covering it with transplanted amniotic membrane. CASE: A 28-year-old Japanese man, who had been diagnosed histologically as having conjunctival MALT lymphoma in his left eye, was referred to us for treatment. The tumor was located on the lower bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva, and involved the fornix. Extensive resection of the conjunctival lesion was performed. Two pieces of amniotic membrane were used to reconstruct the fornix, bulbar, and palpebral conjunctival defect. OBSERVATIONS: Epithelialization over the transplantation was completed within 3 weeks when all sutures were removed. During the 6 months of follow-up, there was no recurrence or any postoperative complication, such as graft rejection, symblepharon, or chronic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated for the first time that amniotic membrane can be used to cover a large defect on both bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva when such a low-grade malignancy as MALT lymphoma is extensively excised. Amniotic membrane transplantation was quite effective for the fornix and conjunctival reconstruction.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.7444204341781keywords = mucosa-associated, lymphoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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