1/58. Topless optic disk syndrome without maternal diabetes mellitus.PURPOSE: To describe four cases of topless optic disk syndrome without maternal diabetes mellitus. METHOD: Four patients had incidentally discovered inferior visual field defects. RESULTS: Ophthalmoscopic examinations in all four patients disclosed superiorly displaced entrances of the central retinal artery and thinning of the superior peripapillary nerve fiber layers. One patient had a superior peripapillary crescent with pallor of the superior disk. These clinical findings were consistent with a diagnosis of superior segmental optic hypoplasia, the topless disk. None of the patients had mothers who had diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: The topless optic disk syndrome can occur in the absence of maternal diabetes mellitus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = artery (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/58. Ocular ischemic syndrome: two case reports of bilateral involvement.The ocular ischemic syndrome is characterised by ocular symptoms and signs secondary to severe carotid artery obstruction. In this paper, two cases of bilateral ocular involvement are presented. The first case was caused by severe bilateral carotid stenosis and the second by bilateral occlusion of the carotid artery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5.5126582572027keywords = artery, carotid artery, carotid (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/58. stroke risk, cholesterol and statins.The natural statins should be used as first line agents in the prevention of stroke. The effects of the synthetic statins on the prevention of coronary events and stroke have not been reported at this time. The National stroke association's stroke Prevention Advisory Board has prepared a consensus statement on risk reducing intervention. The Board identified hypertension, MI, atrial fibrillation, hyperlipidemia and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (60% to 99% occlusion) as proven stroke risk factors. The Board's recommendations for the prevention of a first stroke are: 1. hypertension should be treated with lifestyle, pharmacologic and multidisciplinary management strategies. 2. aspirin post MI and warfarin (international normalized ratio, 2 to 3) for patients with atrial fibrillation, left ventricular thrombus or significant left ventricular dysfunction. Statin agents should be used post MI. 3. atrial fibrillation patients age 75 or older should be treated with warfarin. Younger patients 65 to 75 with atrial fibrillation and risk factors should be treated with warfarin [corrected]. Younger patients 65 to 75 with atrial fibrillation without risk factors should be treated with warfarin or aspirin [corrected]. 4. patients with hyperlipidemia and coronary artery disease should be on statin agents. 5. Carotid endarterectomy is recommended for asymptomatic carotid stenosis (60% to 99%) when surgical morbidity and mortality are less than 3%. 6. Adherence to a low-fat diet, smoking avoidance, mild alcohol use, and physical activity should follow published guidelines.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 14.397458713333keywords = artery disease, artery, carotid artery, carotid (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/58. coronary artery bypass and superior vena cava syndrome.superior vena cava syndrome is the obstruction of the superior vena cava or its main tributaries by benign or malignant lesions. The syndrome causes edema and engorgement of the vessels on the face, neck, and arms, nonproductive cough, and dyspnea. We discuss the case of a 48-year-old obese diabetic woman who was admitted with unstable angina. She had previously been diagnosed with superior vena cava syndrome. Urgent coronary artery bypass grafting was necessary Although thousands of coronary artery bypasses are performed every year, there are not many reports on patients with superior vena cava syndrome who successfully undergo cardiopulmonary bypass and coronary artery grafting with an internal mammary artery as the conduit. The results of the case and alternative recommended methods are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 8keywords = artery (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/58. Takayasu's arteritis on steroid therapy. Seven years follow-up.The authors report a 7 year follow-up of Takayasu's arteritis (TA) type III, group 1, in a young Italian woman. At diagnosis, at the age of 25, the echotomographic and angiographic studies showed narrow subclavian arteries, narrow abdominal aorta (diameter of 0.6-0.8 cm) below the renal arteries, stenotic left common carotid and renal arteries, and occluded upper mesenteric artery. With steroid therapy, (prednisone 50 mg/day per os), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) normalized within 12 days. With a maintenance dosage of 7.5 mg/day per os, the patient achieved remission as documented by the absence of symptoms, the persistent normalization of ESR, and the improving of the diameter of the abdominal aorta (1.3-1.4 cm). On steroid therapy, the patient had a normal pregnancy and delivered a healthy baby girl. The disease has been stable for seven years. Recently, diabetes mellitus occurred and it has been treated with insulin therapy. The rising of ESR after tapering of steroid therapy (prednisone 5 mg per os on alternate days) suggests an alternative treatment with a cytotoxic agent.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6489949705372keywords = artery, carotid (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/58. Early experience with infectious complications of percutaneous femoral artery closure devices.Percutaneous femoral artery closure devices are being used routinely after cardiac catheterizations. The use of these devices has been advocated to decrease length of stay, promote early ambulation, and prevent bleeding. We reviewed the use of these devices in our institution and report three cases of infectious complications (two pseudoaneurysms and one infected hematoma). Reports of infected pseudoaneurysms after cardiac catheterization before the implementation of these devices are rare. The use of these devices may be associated with an increased incidence of infected femoral pseudo-aneurysms.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = artery (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/58. Three elderly patients with lower esophageal cancer successfully treated by transhiatal esophagectomy assisted by mediastinoscopy.mediastinoscopy-assisted transhiatal esophagectomy recently has been applied in patients with intrathoracic esophageal cancer. Elderly patients with esophageal cancer experience several types of complications and often cannot undergo standard transthoracic esophagectomy. In this study, three elderly patients with preoperative complications underwent mediastinoscopy-assisted transhiatal esophagectomy for esophageal cancer located in the lower part of the esophagus. Patient 1 was an 80-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Patient 2 was a 78-year-old man with bronchial asthma. Patient 3 was an 81-year-old-man with diabetes mellitus and an atherosclerotic obstruction of the lower extremities. In these patients, mediastinoscopy-assisted transhiatal esophagectomy concomitant with reconstruction by means of a gastric tube was performed. Lymph node dissections of the middle and lower mediastinum and of the abdomen, including the regions surrounding the left gastric and celiac arteries, were performed. postoperative complications developed only in patient 1; minor leakage of the esophagogastrostomy and high bilirubinemia were observed. Metastasis was detected in the lymph nodes surrounding the celiac artery in patient 1 and surrounding the left gastric artery in patients 2 and 3. Patient 2 died of pneumonia 18 months later, but the other patients have been well, without recurrence of the cancer after surgery. In conclusion, mediastinoscopy-assisted transhiatal esophagectomy has some benefits for elderly esophageal cancer patients who experience preoperative complications.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = artery (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/58. Eruptive xanthomas and chest pain in the absence of coronary artery disease.Because hyperlipidemia may present as xanthomas, a dermatologist may be the first to diagnose these skin lesions and associated lipid abnormalities. Xanthomas are of concern because of their association with coronary artery disease and pancreatitis. We describe the case of a 40-year-old white male with chest pain and eruptive xanthomas. Laboratory tests revealed severe hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and diabetes mellitus, and the histopathology of the skin lesions was consistent with eruptive xanthomas. Surprisingly, even with overwhelming risk factors for both atherosclerosis and pancreatitis, this patient did not show evidence of either disease process. After initiating therapy for the diabetes and hyperlipidemia, the patient has had no recurrence of chest pain, and the skin lesions have gradually resolved. The most likely explanation for this patient's pattern of symptoms and laboratory results is the chylomicronemia syndrome, which can be seen in patients with type I or type V hyperlipoproteinemia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 79.79018479723keywords = atherosclerosis, artery disease, artery (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/58. diabetes mellitus associated with superior mesenteric artery syndrome: report of two cases.We observed two patients with diabetes who were suffering from nausea, vomiting and epigastralgia after meals. These symptoms subsided when lying on their left side. Since the 2 patients had autonomic neuropathy, at first, the symptoms seemed to be attributable to diabetic gastroparesis. However, they were diagnosed as having superior mesenteric artery syndrome by hypotonic duodenography. These finding suggest that in diabetic patients who have a history of excessive weight loss superior mesenteric artery syndrome should be ruled out even though they have autonomic neuropathy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = artery (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/58. Spontaneous expulsive suprachoroidal hemorrhage.PURPOSE: To present a 90-year-old patient with spontaneous expulsive suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SESCH). This unique case suggests a mechanism of SESCH, which is still under debate. methods: The patient, who had corneal inflammatory disease and diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and glaucoma, presented with active ocular bleeding and expulsion of intraocular tissues. Almost the entire cornea was absent, except for several small and irregular areas in its periphery. Histopathologic evaluation of the eviscerated contents was performed. RESULTS: Clinicopathologic evaluation revealed acute inflammation of the corneal remains as well as intraocular inflammation. Inflammatory necrosis of choroidal vessels was evident. CONCLUSION: The findings point to the assumption that choroidal bleeding, secondary to vascular inflammatory necrosis, was the initial event in this case of spontaneous expulsive suprachoroidal hemorrhage. Presumedly, the intraocular pressure level was very high owing to continuous bleeding, which could result in a very large, rather than localized, tearing of the peripherally inflamed cornea.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 23.207024299916keywords = atherosclerosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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