1/28. Normal reproductive function in leptin-deficient patients with lipoatropic diabetes.To further examine the relationships between leptin and female reproductive axis, we conducted hormonal studies in two patients with lipoatropic diabetes that occurred before puberty. Despite complete atrophy of sc and visceral adipose tissue, menarche occurred in these two patients between 11-12 yr of age, followed by regular menstrual cycles. One patient had been pregnant three times, giving birth to children who did not develop the disease. In our two patients, repeated analysis revealed leptin levels below 1 ng/mL (normal range for 20 insulin-treated diabetic women, 2-23 ng/mL for body mass index of 14-39 kg/m2; personal data). We measured peripheral levels of estradiol, progesterone, FSH, LH, free testosterone, and androstenedione within the first 5 days of the menstrual cycle, and we tested the reactivity of pituitary after iv injection of 100 microg GnRH. The variation in body temperature in the morning before arising was also analyzed. We showed that 1) all measured levels of hormones were in the normal range for both patients; and 2) low levels of leptin did not impair the development of reproductive function in one patient and was associated with normal gonadal function in both patients. We conclude that puberty and fertility can occur despite chronic low serum levels of leptin. This suggests that leptin is not fundamental to the maintenance of normal reproductive function in humans.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/28. Cardiac involvement in total generalized lipodystrophy (Berardinelli- Seip syndrome).Total generalized lipodystrophy (Berardinelli - Seip syndrome) is a rare hereditary disease characterized by insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus and a small quantity of adipose tissue and is of unknown origin. Common cardiovascular alterations related to this syndrome are cardiac hypertrophy and arterial hypertension. This article reports a case of Berardinelli - Seip syndrome and reviews the literature with special emphasis on the cardiovascular manifestations of this syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/28. Mutation analysis of the human adipocyte-specific apM-1 gene.BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyse the human adipocyte-specific apM-1 gene for sequence variations. methods: sequence analysis was performed in 344 randomly chosen blood samples using a capillary sequencer. RESULTS: Whereas no mutations were detected in intronic regions and in 2.7 kb of the promoter, two sequence variations were found within the coding sequence of apM-1. For both mutations, a polymerase chain reaction-(PCR) based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was developed, which provided a rapid screening method. A conservative T --> G transition at nucleotide 45 within exon-2 [Gly15Gly] was detected with an allelic frequency of 0.9 for the wild-type allele and 0.1 for the mutated allele. In addition, a missense point mutation at nucleotide 331 within exon-3 [Tyr111His] was detected with an allelic frequency of 0.97 for the wild-type allele and 0.03 for the mutated allele. This mutation replaces a tyrosine by an histidine within the carboxyterminal globular domain of apM-1. Concerning the Gly15Gly polymorphism, the TT genotype was found in 275 subjects (79.9%), the TG genotype in 67 subjects (19.5%) and the GG genotype in 2 subjects (0.6%): one with maturity onset diabetes of young age (MODY-diabetes) and one with Lipoatrophic Diabetes syndrome (LPDS). Concerning the Tyr111His polymorphism, the TT genotype was found in 328 subjects (95.4%), the TC genotype in 15 subjects (4.3%) and the CC genotype in 1 subject (0.3%). CONCLUSION: The existence of two yet unknown mutations within the apM-1 gene was demonstrated and RFLP analysis was established for rapid screening. Well defined cohorts of patients are necessary to determine the putative role of apM-1 gene mutations in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.4keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/28. Successful pregnancy in a woman with lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus. A case report.BACKGROUND: Lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus is a rare insulin-resistance syndrome. A successful pregnancy occurred in a woman with lipoatrophic diabetes with no antepartum or intrapartum complications except hypertriglyceridemia, treated with gemfibrozil. CASE: A 29-year-old primigravida had lipoatrophic diabetes most consistent with congenital partial lipodystrophy (Kobberling-Dunnigan syndrome). The antenatal course was remarkable only for a midtrimester rise in serum triglycerides. The patient underwent oxytocin induction and an uncomplicated vaginal delivery. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates that women with lipoatrophic diabetes who are otherwise healthy should not be discouraged from trying to conceive. blood lipids should be checked periodically and hypertriglyceridemia treated to prevent pancreatitis. gemfibrozil was used in this patient without apparent adverse effects.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/28. Lipoatrophic diabetes and end-stage liver disease secondary to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with recurrence after liver transplantation.BACKGROUND: Lipoatrophic diabetes is an insulin resistance syndrome characterized by the complete or partial lack of adipose tissue and disturbances in lipid and glucose metabolism. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a well-described change in liver pathology consisting of steatosis, hepatitis, and fibrosis that can be associated with lipoatrophic diabetes. RESULTS: This article describes the first reported case of lipoatrophic diabetes with NASH leading to liver failure and liver transplantation. Before transplantation, the patient required 600-700 U of insulin/day. After transplantation, a dramatic decline in her insulin requirements was observed, despite corticosteroids. Eighteen months after transplantation, her glycemic control worsened, and she developed recurrent NASH on serial liver biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: NASH associated with lipoatrophic diabetes can recur after liver transplantation, and in this case, was accompanied by increased insulin requirements. These results suggest that the development of NASH itself may contribute to the insulin resistance observed in lipoatrophic diabetes.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.8keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/28. Successful outcome of pregnancy in a patient with generalized lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus.OBJECTIVE: To report the first known case of a successful outcome of pregnancy in a patient with generalized lipoatrophic diabetes. methods: We present a detailed case report of a patient who achieved and successfully completed a pregnancy despite having lipoatrophic diabetes. RESULTS: With careful attention to glycemic control with use of U-500 insulin and strict avoidance of dietary fat, a 23-year-old woman with lipoatrophic diabetes maintained a pregnancy to 28 weeks. The infant weighed 1,235 g and was devoid of serious metabolic complications. Three months after childbirth, the patient died of gastrointestinal bleeding. CONCLUSION: We are not aware of any previously published report of a successful pregnancy in a patient with generalized, acquired lipoatrophic diabetes. Because of the involvement of multiple organ systems in generalized lipoatrophic diabetes, female patients should be thoroughly advised of the serious pregnancy-associated risks to both the mother and the fetus and the need for extremely close monitoring.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.8keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/28. Response to treatment with rosiglitazone in familial partial lipodystrophy due to a mutation in the LMNA gene.BACKGROUND: Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is a monogenic form of diabetes characterised by a dominantly inherited disorder of adipose tissue associated with the loss of subcutaneous fat from the limbs and trunk, with excess fat deposited around the face and neck. The lipodystrophy causes severe insulin resistance, resulting in acanthosis nigricans, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Preliminary results from animals and man suggest that increasing subcutaneous fat by treatment with thiazolidinediones should improve insulin resistance and the associated features of this syndrome. CASE REPORT: We report a 24-year-old patient with FPLD caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene (R482W) treated with 12 months of rosiglitazone. subcutaneous fat increased following rosiglitazone treatment as demonstrated by a 29% generalised increase in skin-fold thickness. leptin levels increased from 5.8 to 11.2 ng/ml. Compared with treatment on metformin, there was an increase in insulin sensitivity (HOMA S% 17.2-31.6) but no change in glycaemic control. The lipid profile worsened during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: This initial case suggests that, for modification of cardiovascular risk factors, there are no clear advantages in treating patients with FPLD with rosiglitazone despite increases in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Larger series will be needed to identify moderate beneficial effects and treatment may be more effective in patients with generalised forms of lipodystrophy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.4keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/28. ectodermal dysplasia, lipoatrophy, diabetes mellitus, and amastia: a second case of the AREDYLD syndrome.A 19-year-old female with ectodermal dysplasia, lipoatrophy, diabetes mellitus, and amastia is described. This complex of symptoms is very similar to that of a case published by Pinheiro et al [1983] under the acronym of AREDYLD syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/28. Lipoatrophic diabetes in an elderly woman: clinical course and serum adipocytokine concentrations.Generalized lipodystrophy is a rare disorder of adipose tissue, whose etiology remains unknown. Pathophysiology of this disorder is characterized by generalized loss of body fat associated with an infrequent form of diabetes mellitus (lipoatrophic diabetes). Main features of this form of diabetes mellitus are the severe insulin resistance and the absence of ketoacidosis. lipodystrophy can be congenital or acquired. In the acquired form, metabolic disturbances usually begin in the first years of life and the response to conventional treatment is very poor. Some alterations in serum adipocytokines have been described in this disease. We report the case of a 74-year-old woman with acquired generalized lipodystrophy who presented with low-normal serum concentrations of leptin, low adiponectin and resistin levels, and high serum levels of TNF alpha. Patient was initially treated with fenofibrate, metformin and high doses of subcutaneous insulin achieving an adequate metabolic control. During this period, serum adipocytokines were periodically measured. We comment on the different etiopathogenic mechanisms and the therapeutic modalities of this rare syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.4keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/28. Lipoatrophic diabetes. Report of a case.The female patient initially showed the acquired type of total lipoatrophy at about 8 years of age. At 12 years of age, the onset of diabetes mellitus was speculated from advanced pyodermia and dedentition. At 29 years of age, glucosuria was found, and she developed proteinuria, ascites, and pretibial edema. The physical examination revealed: hepatosplenomegaly, complete absence of subcutanous fat, cutaneous xanthomas, and emaciated facies with pronounced zygomatic arches. diabetic retinopathy was revealed in the ophthalmological examination, and nephropathy was evident in renal biopsy specimens. She also had peripheral diabetic neuropathy. No adipose tissue was found in the mesenterium under peritoneoscopy. The hepatic biopsy specimen revealed advanced portal liver cirrhosis. Laboratory findings included: hyperlipidemia, elevation of BMR without evidence of hyperthyroidism, impaired renal function, and undetected anti-insulin antibodies and anti-insulin antibodies. Endocrinological examinations revealed normal value, except for an impaired hGH response in the arginine test. c-peptide immunoreactivity was high. Her condition was fairly well controlled by 140 units of insulin injection daily.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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