1/34. Intact sensory fusion in a child with divergence paresis caused by a pontine glioma.PURPOSE: To describe a child with divergence paresis esotropia caused by a brain tumor with intact sensory and motor fusion. METHOD: Case report. RESULTS: A 9-year-old boy who had one episode of double vision was initially seen with a small, variably present esophoria at near vision, an intermittent 10 prism diopter esotropia at distance, and stereopsis of 80 arc seconds. A magnetic resonance imaging examination disclosed a 4.0 x 4.5-cm pontine glioma. CONCLUSIONS: Ophthalmologists should recognize that the presence of intact sensory and motor fusion in a child with acute, comitant esotropia of the divergence paresis type does not preclude intracranial abnormality. If immediate neuroimaging is deferred, repeated thorough ocular motility examinations are warranted to detect progression.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = near (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/34. Accommodation and convergence palsy caused by lesions in the bilateral rostral superior colliculus.PURPOSE: To report a patient who developed accommodation and convergence palsy caused by lesions in the bilateral rostral superior colliculus. DESIGN: Observational case report. methods: A 30-year-old right-handed man experienced sudden onset of diplopia and blurred vision at near vision. RESULTS: The patient showed accommodation and convergence palsy. magnetic resonance imaging revealed lesions located in the bilateral rostral superior colliculus. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the rostral superior colliculus is involved in the control of accommodation and vergence eye movements.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = near (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/34. eosinophilic granuloma masquerading as fracture of the orbital roof: case report.Orbital involvement of eosinophilic granuloma accounts for less than 1% of all orbital tumors. The most common presenting sign of eosinophilic granuloma is bilateral or unilateral proptosis; rarely, neural parenchyma involvement is observed. This article features a case report of a 16-year-old male patient who presented to the authors after minor trauma that simulated a fracture near the orbital apex. The authors conclude that the diagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma should be considered if there is unusual location of apparent "fracture," a mass in the region of the fracture, lysis of bone, and recurrence of inflammation after the initial injury has subsided. Timely intervention with appropriate excision, histologic confirmation, and reconstruction with proper follow-up are the cornerstones of therapy for this rare disorder.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = near (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/34. Resolution of acute acquired comitant esotropia after suboccipital decompression for Chiari I malformation.PURPOSE: To report a case of acute comitant esotropia successfully treated with suboccipital decompression in a 9-year-old male patient with Chiari I malformation. DESIGN: Interventional case report. methods: A 9-year-old male with Chiari I malformation had acute onset of diplopia, headache, and comitant esotropia. RESULTS: About 9 months after suboccipital decompression, diplopia resolved and there was near orthophoria on examination 15 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: In view of our case and after a review of literature, we advocate primary suboccipital decompression to treat acute comitant esotropia in patients with Chiari I malformation. A follow-up period of at least 1 year rather than 6 months seems necessary to assess surgery effects.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = near (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/34. Aneurysmal bone cyst of the sphenoid bone.Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is an uncommon benign lesion that rarely presents in the craniofacial region. Aneurysmal bone cysts represent nearly 1.4% of all bone tumors, and among those, only 3% are located in the cranium. In this study, we report on an ABC located in the sphenoid bone with superior nasal cavity and ethmoid extension. The presenting symptom of our patient was headache, followed by diplopia, loss of visual accuracy, and abduction restriction. We successfully resected the lesion by a combined subcranial-midfacial degloving approach without any complications or recurrence.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = near (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/34. Divergence insufficiency and demyelinating disorder.PURPOSE: To describe a divergence insufficiency in a young woman. methods: Case report. RESULTS: A 38-year-old woman presented with a episode of homonymus horizontal diplopia at distance. She was orthophoric at near but had esotropia at distance. Neurological evaluation was normal but multiple demyelinating lesions were shown in the magnetic resonance scan, with increased intrathecal Ig G production. Double vision improved after corticosteroid mega-doses. CONCLUSIONS: An acute onset of diplopia due to divergence insufficiency in a young adult may be associated with a demyelinating disorder.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = near (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/34. spasm of the near reflex associated with head injury.spasm of the near reflex is characterized by intermittent miosis, convergence spasm and pseudomyopia with blurred vision at distance. Usually, it is a functional disorder in young patients with underlying emotional problems. Only rarely is it caused by organic disorder. We report a patient who developed convergent spasm associated with miosis after head trauma at the age of 84 years.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = near (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/34. A case of paradoxical diplopia in large-angle consecutive exotropia.PURPOSE: To describe the investigation and subsequent management of paradoxical diplopia in unsightly exotropia. A 32-year-old lady requested surgical correction of a large manifest consecutive exotropia which, on initial correction with any base-in prism, was accompanied by paradoxical diplopia. methods: Botulinum toxin to the right lateral rectus reduced the deviation to 30 delta over a one-week period. The residual deviation was corrected with base-in Fresnel prisms which the patient wore constantly for another two weeks. Although there was demonstrable diplopia initially, it disappeared after 3-4 days of prism wear. Surgery was carried out comprising right lateral rectus recession (6 mm) and right medial rectus advancement from 12 mm to 6 mm posterior to the limbus. RESULTS: There was no diplopia following the surgery and the residual exodeviation measured 6 delta for near and 16 delta for distance (fixing OD). The patient remains symptom-free and cosmetically excellent. CONCLUSION: A gradual progressive reduction in the deviation using a combination of Botulinum toxin and prisms allowed a more informative conclusion to be made regarding the potential post-operative sensory status in this patient, by allowing her to slowly adjust to an altered ocular alignment. In patients with non-functional strabismus who may be at risk from post-operative diplopia, a trial with prisms over a few weeks with or without the addition of Botulinum toxin is advocated.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = near (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/34. Ocular neuromyotonia: a case report.Ocular neuromyotonia is a rare motility disorder occurring after tumor irradiation near the skull base or as a consequence of vascular abnormalities. Ocular myasthenia, convergence spasm and a cyclic third nerve palsy must be considered as differential diagnoses. The case of a 32-year-old woman suffering from intermittent diplopia six months after radiation therapy of a recurrent pituary gland adenoma is presented.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = near (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/34. Orbital complications in endoscopic sinus surgery using powered instrumentation.OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Powered dissection is increasingly used in endoscopic sinus surgery. Although it has certain clear advantages over conventional instrumentation, powered dissection also presents special liabilities. The objectives of the report are to highlight the special dangers of powered instrumentation near the orbit, to suggest techniques that might minimize these risks, and to review the management of orbital injuries. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients who were referred to our institution with orbital injury complicating endoscopic sinus surgery in which powered instrumentation had been used. Patient demographics, status as revision or primary surgery, degree of intraoperative blood loss, indications for surgery, intraoperative findings, the complication sustained, time of recognition of the complication, immediate and delayed treatment, and clinical course were obtained from the clinical records. RESULTS: Three patients had medial rectus muscle injuries. In addition to the medial rectus injury, one patient also had blindness, probably from an orbital hemorrhage. One patient underwent orbital exploration in an unsuccessful attempt to reattach the ends of the medial rectus muscle. One patient had continuing diplopia, but declined orbital exploration or strabismus surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative orbital complications that might be of minor consequence with conventional instrumentation can have dramatic sequelae when powered dissection is used. Special care must be exercised in using powered instrumentation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = near (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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