1/74. empty sella syndrome: does it exist in children?OBJECT: The empty sella syndrome (ESS) is well documented in adults, and although the same phenomenon of herniation of the arachnoid space into the enlarged sella turcica has been noted in children, it is not widely known that children suffer from this syndrome. Therefore, the aims of this paper are to increase neurosurgeons' awareness of the existence of this phenomenon in children and to add to the scant body of literature on the subject. methods: The authors treated 12 children, ranging in age between 2 and 8 years, in whom neuroradiological studies demonstrated an enlarged sella turcica filled with cerebrospinal fluid and herniation of suprasellar and arachnoid spaces. The causes of ESS in these children were high intracranial pressure, neglected or improperly treated hydrocephalus, and suprasellar arachnoid cyst. Primary ESS was found as well. Most of the children presented with headache, abnormal body weight (the majority being underweight), and short stature. The results of hormone assays were normal in all children. CONCLUSIONS: If undiagnosed and untreated, ESS in children may lead to serious consequences, including impairment of pituitary and hypothalamic function and damage to the optic chiasm. It is important to raise awareness in the neurosurgical community about the existence of ESS in children so that it can be diagnosed and treated at an early stage. A classification system for the diaphragma sellae is recapitulated.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pituitary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/74. Congenital hypopituitarism in a 48-year old adult. Natural course, hormonal study and MRI evidence.A case of Congenital hypopituitarism (CH) in an untreated 48 yr-old-man is reported. The hormonal studies demonstrated a panhypopituitarism and MR imaging revealed absence of pituitary stalk, small anterior pituitary remnant on the sella floor and ectopic neurohypophysis at the tuber cinereum. The pattern of hormonal responsiveness suggests that CH encompasses findings typical of primary anterior pituitary disease and those of hypothalamic dysfunction.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = pituitary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/74. Laron dwarfism: growth and immunoreactive insulin following treatment with human growth hormone.A 13 1/2-year-old boy with features of growth hormone deficiency had elevated fasting plasma GH levels (5.7 to 66 ng/ml). serum somatomedin values remained low despite treatment with human growth hormone. plasma GH values were suppressed following oral administration of glucose and increased following insulin-induced hypoglycemia, L-dopa, and arginine. chlorpromazine suppressed GH, both fasting and during IIH. These results suggest that the neuroendocrine mechanisms mediating GH secretion seemed to be intact. Peak plasma insulin levels increased in response to glucose administration after HGH suggesting that GH has a direct effect on the pancreatic beta cell which is not mediated by Sm. plasma testosterone values increased to adult male levels, but there was inadequate secondary sexual response. Growth was enhanced by HGH and may have been due to testosterone and/or insulin. Although Laron dwarfism may result from a receptor defect, an abnormality in GH structure is also possible.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.23546938746201keywords = growth (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/74. Primary central nervous system lymphoma in childhood presenting as progressive panhypopituitarism.We report a 15-year-old boy who had isolated central diabetes insipidus initially diagnosed at age 11 years. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was normal at the time. At age 12 years, growth hormone (GH) testing was performed because of a decline in linear growth rate and demonstrated GH deficiency. After a repeat normal brain MRI, GH therapy was begun. Three years later, hormonal testing revealed prepubertal gonadotropins and low testosterone levels, free thyroxine index, and morning cortisol levels. Repeat brain MRI demonstrated a 9-mm enhancing lesion in the region of the pituitary stalk. The pathologic diagnosis was that of a high-grade malignant B-cell lymphoma, suggestive of burkitt lymphoma. Growth hormone therapy has not been associated with an increased incidence of lymphoma. This report underscores the need for vigilance in follow-up brain imaging and hormonal evaluation in children with diabetes insipidus, especially those with evolving anterior hormone deficiencies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.0470938774924keywords = pituitary, growth (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/74. An unusual MR presentation of the neurohypophyseal "bright spot" in pituitary dwarfism.Abnormalities of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis are frequently associated with pituitary deficiency. We describe a previously unknown morphological presentation of the ectopic posterior neurohypophyseal "bright spot."- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = pituitary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/74. Progressive nodular histiocytosis in a child with a hypothalamic tumor.We report a 13-year-old girl with multiple cutaneous histiocytic lesions, precocious puberty, growth hormone deficiency and a hypothalamic tumour. We conclude that she has progressive nodular histiocytosis, but this case illustrates the difficulty in differentiating the type II histiocytoses.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.023546938746201keywords = growth (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/74. megestrol acetate to correct the nutritional status in an adolescent with growth hormone deficiency: Increase of appetite and body weight but only by increase of body water and fat mass followed by profound cortisol and testosterone depletion.megestrol acetate (MA) is a synthetic, orally active derivative of the naturally occurring hormone progesterone. MA is increasingly used to correct loss of appetite and improve the nutritional status. We used MA in an adolescent with growth hormone (GH) deficiency due to former irradiation therapy in order to evaluate if MA can improve the nutritional status. In fact, MA increased appetite and weight dose-dependent. The energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry changed from hypo- to normometabolism. However, weight gain was first primarily due to an increase in body water and then in fat mass. The gain of fat mass was much more prominent than the gain of fat free mass. As important side-effect, MA lead to rapid and profound cortisol and testosterone depletion after only 10 days with a long-lasting effect on testosterone depletion. Therefore, MA as a single therapy cannot be recommended to improve the nutritional status. If MA is given, cortisol and testosterone levels have to be monitored and supplemented as needed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.11773469373101keywords = growth (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/74. Solitary median maxillary central incisor, duane retraction syndrome, growth hormone deficiency and duplicated thumb phalanx: a case report.A 4-year-old Italian child with the association of a solitary median maxillary central incisor, growth hormone deficiency, duane retraction syndrome and a duplicated thumb phalanx is described.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.11773469373101keywords = growth (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/74. 18p- syndrome and hypopituitarism.A patient is described with 18p- syndrome and hypopituitarism. This is the first patient with this syndrome who has been shown to benefit from growth hormone therapy. patients with this syndrome who have growth deficiency should be considered for evaluation for hypopituitarism, if the quality of their lives would improve with an increase in stature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.047093877492402keywords = growth (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/74. noonan syndrome presenting growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction.noonan syndrome has been diagnosed by the characteristic physical stigmata for more than two decades. Recent studies of growth hormone secretory pattern provide a new category of growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction to characterize short stature. We describe herein a case of growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction in a 16-year-old boy with noonan syndrome. Growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction was diagnosed primarily based on the low amplitude and small numbers of the spontaneous bursts of growth hormone secretion during 12-hour nocturnal growth hormone sampling. Treatment with synthetic human growth hormone has markedly accelerated the growth velocity for one year and a half. This case notes the wide spectrum of short stature in noonan syndrome and the effectiveness of treatment with human growth hormone.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.28256326495441keywords = growth (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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