1/17. Active contrast extravasation in spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma: a rare CT finding.Spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinomas are uncommon but constitute a critical and life threatening condition. diagnosis is important so that either surgery or emergency arterial embolisation can be considered for hepatic haemostasis. We describe active extravasation of intravenous contrast medium on CT in a patient who presented with intraperitoneal haemorrhage secondary to spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/17. Simultaneous quantitative cerebral perfusion and Gd-DTPA extravasation measurement with dual-echo dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI.Quantification of cerebral perfusion using dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI generally relies on the assumption of an intact blood-brain barrier. The present study proposes a method to correct the tissue response function that does not require this assumption, thus, allowing perfusion studies in, for example, high-grade brain tumors. The correction for contrast extravasation in the tissue during the bolus passage is based on a two-compartment kinetic model. The method separates the intravascular hemodynamic response and the extravascular component and returns the corrected tissue response function for perfusion quantification as well as the extravasation rate constant of the vasculature. Results of simulation experiments with different degrees of contrast extravasation are presented. The clinical potential is illustrated by determination of the perfusion and extravasation of a glioblastoma multiforme. The correction scheme proves to be fast and reliable even in cases of low signal-to-noise ratio. It is applicable whether extravasation occurs or not. When extravasation is present, application of the proposed method is mandatory for accurate cerebral blood volume measurements. Magn Reson Med 43:820-827, 2000.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0001754308896857keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/17. Hypotensive hemorrhagic necrosis in basal ganglia and brainstem.Hypotensive hemorrhagic necrosis of the basal ganglia and brainstem has only occasionally been described. Three such cases are reported. Cardiac arrest had occurred in all cases, and it took at least 1 hour to restore adequate circulation. The patients remained comatose for 2 days to 2 weeks until death. Persistent hypotension causing ischemia in the distribution of deep perforating arteries is considered to have been the key underlying mechanism. hemorrhage is thought to have been caused by extravasation of red blood cells through damaged blood vessels.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.00043857722421424keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/17. Fatal complication from central venous cannulation in a paediatric liver transplant patient.We report a fatal complication from central venous cannulation in a child undergoing heterotropic liver transplantation. Following the attempted placement of a cannula in the left internal jugular vein, extravasation of blood products via the cannula resulted in haemothorax, hypotension and eventual brain death. Possible causes and strategies for prevention of this complication are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 8.7715444842849E-5keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/17. Transient visuospatial disorder from angiographic contrast.BACKGROUND: The blood-brain barrier may be permeable under the clinical settings of uncontrolled hypertension, renal insufficiency, immunosuppressive drugs, and intravascular radiographic contrast. Some reversible neurological complications after angiography are caused by cortical penetration of contrast media detected on brain computed tomographic (CT) scans. OBJECTIVES: To describe the first report of a transient visuospatial disorder having elements of Balint syndrome, and caused by angiographic contrast penetration of the bilateral parieto-occipital cortex; and to review cases published between 1980 and 2001 of cortical contrast penetration, documented by CT. RESULTS: Simultanagnosia, optic ataxia, and ocular apraxia occurred in a 74-year-old woman who received nonionic contrast media during a failed renal angioplasty. Contrast noted in the bilateral parieto-occipital cortex on the initial CT scan disappeared after 4 days with clinical resolution. CONCLUSIONS: Angiographic contrast tends to breach the blood-brain barrier of the vertebrobasilar circulation, penetrating the occipital cortex and leading to transient, localizable syndromes of cortical blindness or abnormal visuospatial processing.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.00026314633452855keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/17. Case report: arachnoiditis following intracranial 'Thorotrast'.A patient is reported with a painless, progressive cauda equina lesion due to arachnoiditis, the result of the contrast medium 'Thorotrast' (thorium dioxide) introduced into the brain over 30 years previously. Contrast medium introduced into the lumbar spine can give rise to aseptic adhesive inflammation (arachnoiditis). It rarely gives rise to clinical problems but, when it does so, is usually associated with back pain and only very rarely with progressive neurological deficit.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 8.7715444842849E-5keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/17. rupture of an internal carotid artery aneurysm during angiography with leakage of contrast medium via an external ventricular drain.With a ruptured intracranial aneurysm producing subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) cerebral angiography is currently used for identification of the affected vessel. Aneurysm rerupturing is one of the more serious complications of cerebral angiography and has been frequently described. We report a 61-year-old man who presented with SAH who had rerupture of a large aneurysm of the internal carotid artery during angiography. A substantial amount of contrast medium escaped via a ventricular drain. The three main risk factors for rerupture of an aneurysm are: angiography performed within 6 h of the primary SAH, an aneurysm on the internal carotid artery and an unfavourable Glasgow coma score.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/17. Simultaneous ischemic and neurotoxic brain damage after coronary angiography.Transient cortical blindness following intra-arterial catheter angiography is a known rare complication. We report the case of a 56-year-old man who suffered from transient cortical blindness and neuropsychological deficits after coronary angiography. Serial CT scans revealed reversible pathologic parenchymal contrast enhancement of the right occipital lobe as well as left middle cerebral artery infarction at the same time. CT changes and time course of clinical symptoms are presented and discussed for both lesions of presumably different etiology.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.00035086177937139keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/17. Transient partial amnesia complicating cardiac and peripheral arteriography with nonionic contrast medium.The aim of this study was to present a case of disruption of the blood-brain barrier during the coronary and lower extremity angiographies with radiological and clinical findings. This condition was secondary to intraarterial use of a nonionic, monomeric contrast medium. A total of 450 cc contrast media was used. Computed tomography examination showed contrast enhancement of the right occipital and frontoparietal cortical regions, which returned to normal one day after. The patient also fully recovered from the neurological symptoms within 24 h. We discussed the possible mechanism for blood-brain barrier disruption in this case.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0001754308896857keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/17. Acute haemorrhage in patients with advanced head and neck cancer: value of endovascular therapy as palliative treatment option.AIMS: Acute or subacute haemorrhage is one of the most frightening complications in patients suffering from advanced head and neck cancer. Few articles report experience with superselective endovascular therapy for this purpose. Is endovascular therapy underestimated in the field of palliative head and neck cancer therapy? This study set out to investigate this question. patients AND methods: A review was undertaken of the clinical courses of seven patients (six men, one woman) suffering from incurable, advanced head and neck cancer (four pharyngeal, two laryngeal, one neck) and treated with superselective endovascular strategies as an emergency procedure for acute bleeding. RESULTS: All patients were successfully treated without evidence of neurological complication. patients reached a median survival of 20 weeks (range eight-168 weeks). Following endovascular treatment all patients were discharged from the hospital within several days. Three patients survived almost free of symptoms for several weeks and were able to stay at home with their families until their death. CONCLUSION: We conclude that in the field of palliative care, superselective endovascular therapy deserves to be considered alongside standard treatment options for the management of acute haemorrhage from advanced head and neck cancer.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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