1/6. The incidence and influence of abnormal styloid conditions on the etiology of craniomandibular functional disorders.This study aimed to examine the incidence and influence of craniomandibular functional disorders caused by abnormal styloid-stylohyoid chains. Seven hundred sixty-five patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders were divided into two groups (with and without radiographically visible abnormal styloid conditions). In the group with abnormal stylohyoid conditions, the etiology of TMJ disorders was further subdivided into poly-, oligo- and monoetiological factors, and, after this classification, evaluated regarding a clear, possible or unlikely involvement of abnormal stylohyoid conditions in TMJ disorders. One hundred thirty-six out of 765 patients presented abnormal styloid-stylohyoid chains. One hundred five of the patients (77.2%) demonstrated polyetiological causes of TMJ symptoms with an unlikely involvement of the abnormal styloid-stylohyoid chain. Twenty-nine of the patients (21.3%) showed oligoetiological causes with possible involvement of the abnormal styloid-stylohyoid chain. In two patients (1.5%), the abnormal styloid conditions showed up as the only definite cause of TMJ symptoms (monoetiological). Detailed knowledge of variations and possible effects of suprahyoid structures is important for an accurate diagnosis of TMJ disorders. All in all, the incidence of a stylohyoid involvement in TMJ disorders is very low. However, after an initial subdivision into abnormal and normal stylohyoid conditions, the incidence of pathological stylohyoid chains gains significant importance in the etiology of TMJ disorders.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = craniomandibular (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/6. Craniomandibular pain, oral parafunctions, and psychological stress in a longitudinal case study.In a single case study, the most frequently suggested contributing factors to craniomandibular pain, viz., oral parafunctions and psychological stress, were studied in more detail. During a 13-week study period, questionnaires were completed, in which, among others, jaw muscle pain, bruxism behaviour, and experienced/anticipated stress were noted. During about 40% of the nights, nocturnal masticatory muscle activity (NMMA) was recorded, using single-channel electromyography (EMG). The number of NMMA events per recorded hour was scored, using a detection threshold of 10% of the maximum voluntary contraction level. This threshold was established in a separate study, in which EMG was compared with polysomnography. Stepwise regression analyses indicated, that morning jaw muscle pain could be explained by evening jaw muscle pain for 64% and by alcohol intake for another 2%. In turn, evening jaw muscle pain was explained by daytime clenching for 56% and by vacuum sucking of the tongue for an additional 6%. Finally, daytime clenching was significantly explained by experienced stress for 30%. Data of the recorded nights showed, that variations in NMMA did not contribute to variations in morning jaw muscle pain. This case study corroborates the paradigm that experienced stress may be related to daytime clenching and, in turn, to evening and morning jaw muscle pain.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = craniomandibular (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/6. Temporomandibular disorders due to improper surgical treatment of mandibular fracture: clinical report.A case of mandibular fracture surgically consolidated in a wrong position resulting in craniomandibular disorders is reported. The inadequate surgical alignment of the healed bony segments caused a malocclusion. This changed the original neuromuscular system such that compensatory mechanisms began to change the whole balance of the organism. The patient presented a mandibular crossbite, an asymmetry of the face, and extensive alteration of muscular, articular, and postural function. The bony malunion and malocclusion were treated using an interdisciplinary surgical-orthodontic treatment for correcting functional disorders and aesthetic deformity. electromyography and computerized mandibular scanning were used to evaluate improvement of the muscular activity, during rest and function, and of the mandibular kinesiology. Timing of surgical treatment and adequate fixation and immobilization of fracture segments are very important to avoid complications such as infection, delayed union, nonunion, malunion, skeletal discrepancies, nerve injury, and (rarely) ankylosis. The surgical approach should be based on the general criteria of traumatologic therapy, restoring the original bone shape and the right occlusal relations as soon as possible.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = craniomandibular (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/6. iontophoresis: an effective modality for the treatment of inflammatory disorders of the temporomandibular joint and myofascial pain.The use of the iontophoresis modality for driving medications through the skin for treatment of certain TM dysfunction and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome was first suggested by Gangarosa and Mahan in 1982. This paper introduces the iontophoresis technique for treatment of inflammatory and myofascial disorders of the craniomandibular system. The historical aspects of iontophoresis in medicine and dentistry is reviewed. As an aid to understanding the clinical applications of this method, a review of diagnostic classification of temporomandibular disorders and an in-depth review of the role of the inflammatory process are provided. The effect of inflammation on the synovial/lymphatic system is detailed. Reference is made to the advantages of iontophoresis over hypodermic injection. The basis materials and methods of use of the modality are shown along with a protocol for patient treatment. Several case studies are discussed with clinical observations given.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = craniomandibular (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/6. Malignant lesions presenting as symptoms of craniomandibular dysfunction.Three cases of carcinoma, seen in a head/neck pain management practice during the past 2 years and presenting as craniomandibular dysfunction symptoms, are reported. Clinicians should always consider a differential diagnosis because of the variety of potential causes of the symptoms presented by the patient. These symptoms act as clues to help to differentiate between a routine or "evil" process. The need for imaging and remaining, when the clinical symptoms do not correlate with the clinical examination through established guidelines for craniomandibular dysfunction or head/neck pain, is of paramount importance.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = craniomandibular (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/6. A skull base epidermoid cyst causing the symptoms of a craniomandibular disorder.This article describes a case report of a 52 year old patient with a ten year history of orofacial pain who was misdiagnosed with a craniomandibular disorder (CMD) and trigeminal neuralgia. After a epidermoid cyst in the skull base had been diagnosed and removed the complaints diminished and finally disappeared.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = craniomandibular (Clic here for more details about this article) |