1/6. Elongated stylohyoid process: a report of three cases.The stylohyoid process is part of the stylohyoid chain--the styloid process, the stylohyoid ligament, and the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone. The stylohyoid chain is derived from the second branchial arch. Mineralisation of the stylohyoid ligament and ossification at the tip may increase the length of the styloid process. An elongated stylohyoid or styloid process is considered to be the source of craniofacial and cervical pain commonly known as Eagle's syndrome. In some instances the stylohyoid process may be considerably elongated, yet remain asymptomatic. This paper reports three patients with elongated stylohyoid processes discovered incidentally on routine radiographic examination.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ligament (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/6. Eagle's syndrome: importance of a corrected diagnosis and adequate surgical treatment.Elongation of the styloid process and calcification of the stylohyoid ligament as pathological entities described by Eagle are often reported in the literature. The properly called Eagle's syndrome or stylalgia is characterized by a definite symptoms and etiology, that distinguish it from pathologies with partially overlapping symptoms depending on adjacent anatomical structures. A corrected differential diagnosis is paramount for choosing the most adequate treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = ligament (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/6. Three-dimensional CT of Eagle's syndrome.This case report presents three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) findings in the diagnosis of Eagle's syndrome that is characterized with an elongated styloid process or a calcified stylohyoid ligament causing craniofacial or cervical pain. We have performed 3D-CT in three patients suspected to have this condition. Coronal images were taken in two patients and axial images in one patient with a spiral CT scanner. 3D-CT images were then produced. The length of the styloid process in the case suspected of right elongated styloid process was 45.6 mm (left styloid process, 37 mm). In the second case suspected of left elongated styloid process, the length of the left styloid process was 41.1 mm (right styloid process, 40.2 mm). In the last case suspected of right elongated styloid process, the length of the right styloid process was 40.6 mm (left styloid process, 38.9 mm). 3D-CT is a valuable diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of Eagle's syndrome because of its ability to facilitate accurate measurement of the length of the styloid process.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = ligament (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/6. Eagle's syndrome caused by traumatic fracture of a mineralized stylohyoid ligament--literature review and a case report.Eagle's syndrome is the common name for a series of clinical symptoms arising from an elongated styloid process of the temporal bone. The syndrome is named for Watt W. Eagle, M.D., who described its occurrence in a series of articles beginning in 1937. Common presentations of Eagle's syndrome are a post-tonsillectomy, nerve irritation and an impingement on either the external or internal carotid artery. The styloid process is the first section of the stylohyoid chain, formed by the stylohyoid ligament. Sections of this structure have the ability to mineralize, forming a rigid segment. This mineralized segment is then subject to fracture due to traumatic injury. The literature is reviewed for examples of traumatic fracture of the mineralized stylohyoid ligament, and a clinical case is presented.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = ligament (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/6. Calcified stylohyoid ligament: unusual pressure symptoms.Two previously unreported clinical features, namely obstruction of the submandibular salivary gland and discomfort on yawning, were encountered in a 42-year-old male with gross calcification of the stylohyoid ligament. The diagnosis was confirmed on clinical grounds, routine radiography, sialography and CT scanning.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.5keywords = ligament (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/6. Eagle's syndrome: a clinical report and review of the literature.A case of elongated stylohyoid ligament complex produced neck pain and dysphagia. The ossification of the stylohyoid complex and symptoms occurred after an automobile accident and were caused by cervicopharyngeal trauma. The patient was diagnosed with Eagle's syndrome based on clinical and radiographic examination. A stylohyoidectomy was performed, which led to the complete resolution of symptoms.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = ligament (Clic here for more details about this article) |