1/30. Post-varicella epiglottitis and necrotizing fasciitis.Varicella is a nearly ubiquitous acquired childhood disease. Infectious complications of varicella can be life- or limb-threatening. These complications appear 3 to 4 days after the appearance of varicella exanthem and are heralded by fever, pain, and erythema of the overlying skin. Airway complications of varicella are rare, rapidly evolving, and, unfortunately, difficult to visualize. We report a child who presented with a unique combination of varicella-induced airway complications-acute epiglottitis and subsequent necrotizing fasciitis of the head and neck. varicella, epiglottitis, necrotizing fasciitis, group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, nasopharyngoscopy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = streptococcus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/30. Perianal necrotizing fasciitis in a neonate.A two-week-old term male infant, weighing 1,600 grams was transferred to the neonatology unit of Dokuz Eylul University hospital with sharply demarcated cutaneous gangrene surrounding the perianal region. He did well at birth. In his history, on the 10th postnatal day, a red, painful, warm cutaneous lesion was observed which was thought to be secondary to repeated and inappropriate rectal temperature measurements. Besides an ill-appearing child, a nontender frank cutaneous gangrene developed within several days. klebsiella pneumoniae was cultured from the involved area. blood cultures were negative. A frozen section of soft tissue biopsy could not be performed because of the localization of the lesion. The patient was successfully treated by surgical debridement and high doses of parenteral antibiotics.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.048977221631288keywords = pneumoniae (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/30. Necrotizing fasciitis secondary to group A streptococcus. morbidity and mortality still high.OBJECTIVE: To update physicians on Group A streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis, including current methods of diagnosis and treatment. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Current literature (1990-1998) was searched via medline using the MeSH headings necrotizing fasciitis, toxic shock syndrome, and Streptococcus. Articles were selected based on clinical relevance and design. Most were case reports, case series, or population-based surveys. There were no randomized controlled trials. MAIN MESSAGE: The hallmark of clinical diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis is pain out of proportion to physical findings. Suspicion of underlying soft tissue infection should prompt urgent surgical examination. Therapy consists of definitive excisional surgical debridement in conjunction with high-dose intravenous penicillin g and clindamicin. risk factors for mortality include advanced age, underlying illness, hypotension, and bacteremia. CONCLUSION: Necrotizing soft tissue infections due to Group A streptococcus might be increasing in frequency and aggression. overall mortality remains high (20% to 34% in larger series). Clinical diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion and should prompt urgent surgical referral.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = streptococcus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/30. Necrotizing fasciitis.A 31-year-old Pakistani man was admitted to hospital after sustaining a Grade I compound fracture of the mid-shaft of the left tibia and fibula following a motor vehicle accident. He developed septicaemic shock, acute renal failure and Group A streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis of the left leg. The patient underwent an above knee amputation followed by disarticulation of the left hip with extensive debridement. He was treated with benzylpenicillin, vancomycin, inotropes and continuous haemodialysis and survived without further sequelae. Subsequently, skin grafting was done over the wound site. This case highlights the role of Group A streptococcus as a cause of this rare and life-threatening infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = streptococcus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/30. Necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock-like syndrome caused by group B streptococcus.A recent increase in reports of necrotizing fasciitis resulting from group B streptococcus has alerted physicians to a possible concomitant increase of toxic shock-like syndrome. We report the second case of group B streptococcus causing necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock-like syndrome. A black woman, aged 52 years, with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus had necrotizing fasciitis type II of the left groin. hypotension, elevated bilirubin and liver enzymes, and adult respiratory distress syndrome rapidly developed. Because group B streptococcus was isolated from a normally sterile site, the patient's condition met the criteria for toxic shock-like syndrome. Extensive surgical debridement, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and intravenous antibiotic therapy (including clindamycin) were required for complete recovery. The antitoxin effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and clindamycin should be further investigated for the treatment of such patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = streptococcus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/30. early diagnosis of retroperitoneal necrotizing fasciitis.OBJECTIVE: To report survival of retroperitoneal necrotizing fasciitis in an inmunocompromised patient and to demonstrate early clinical signs that may help in the prompt diagnosis and treatment of this severe infection. DESIGN: Case report and literature review. SETTING: An adult, 18-bed intensive care unit within a university hospital. PATIENT: A 38-yr-old man who had undergone an uncomplicated closed hemorrhoidectomy was readmitted to the hospital on postoperative day 5 for erythema around the hemorrhoidectomy and a dirty brown discharge from the wound. INTERVENTIONS: early diagnosis of retroperitoneal necrotizing fasciitis, wide and repeated debridement, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and eventual abdominal wall reconstruction. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: This patient manifested periumbilical and bilateral flank erythema, reminiscent of the pattern of ecchymosis seen in cases of retroperitoneal hemorrhage. The findings demonstrate a variation of Cullen's and Grey Turner's sign, most often found in patients with hemorrhagic pancreatitis. An abdominal radiograph revealed a ground glass appearance with radiolucency outlining the bladder, consistent with retroperitoneal air. The chest radiograph showed mediastinal air extending into the neck. Sharp debridement of the retroperitoneal fat, the right anterior rectus sheath, and the right anterior thigh fascia was required to gain control of the infection. Operative cultures grew a mixed flora with Eschericha coli, beta-hemolytic streptococcus, and bacteroides fragilis predominating. The hospital course was complicated by hemodynamic instability, renal failure, pneumonia, and a pelvic abscess. The patient ultimately survived and underwent abdominal wall reconstruction with mesh. CONCLUSION: Retroperitoneal necrotizing fasciitis is an uncommon soft tissue infection that is often fatal. early diagnosis in this case was facilitated by the unique clinical findings of a modified Cullen's and Grey Turner's sign. A review of the limited available literature suggests that survival of retroperitoneal fasciitis is possible with prompt debridement and antibiotic therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = streptococcus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/30. Necrotizing fasciitis due to streptococcus pneumoniae after intramuscular injection of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: report of 2 cases and review.Two cases of pneumococcal necrotizing fasciitis (NF) occurred after intramuscular injections of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; another 5 cases reported in the literature fulfilled the criteria for NF involving streptococcus pneumoniae. Conditions associated with alterations of immune function could be identified in 6 of the 7 cases; 2 patients died despite surgical and antimicrobial treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.24488610815644keywords = pneumoniae (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/30. Necrotizing fasciitis due to penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae: case report and review of the literature.Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a life-threatening infection involving rapid necrosis of subcutaneous and fascial tissues. streptococcus pneumoniae (SPN) soft tissue infection is exceedingly uncommon, reported primarily in patients with immunosuppression or other underlying conditions. We report a case of NF and septic shock in a healthy 32-year-old man, whose only predisposing factor was antecedent blunt trauma. Pathological examination and culture of the extensive tissue debridement were positive only for SPN. The serotype 9V isolate was penicillin (PCN)-resistant (MIC=2.0), and closely-related by pulse field gel electrophoresis and multilocus fingerprinting to clone france 9V-3, an important genetic reservoir for increasing PCN-resistance worldwide. This unique case has implications for our pathogenic under-standing and empiric management of NF.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.24488610815644keywords = pneumoniae (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/30. Necrotising fasciitis in a patient receiving infliximab for rheumatoid arthritis.A case of necrotising fasciitis in a patient receiving infliximab, an antitumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) agent for rheumatoid arthritis, is presented. A widespread confluent, erythematous, pustular skin rash was the presenting sign. There was no fever throughout this admission. beta-Haemolytic group A streptococcus was isolated from blood cultures and skin swabs. The adductor muscles and fascia around the site of a previous hip arthroplasty were necrotic on exploration. The case highlights the risk of severe sepsis in patients on anti-TNF-alpha treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = streptococcus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/30. Streptolysin S and necrotising infections produced by group G streptococcus.BACKGROUND: We encountered three patients with severe necrotising soft tissue infections due to beta-haemolytic group G streptococcus. Due to strong clinical similarities with invasive infections produced by group A streptococcus, we investigated a potential link of shared beta-haemolytic phenotype to disease pathogenesis. methods: Hybridisation, dna sequencing, targeted mutagenesis, and complementation studies were used to establish the genetic basis for group G streptococcus beta-haemolytic activity. The requirement of group G streptococcus beta-haemolysin in producing necrotising infection was examined in mice. FINDINGS: Each patient had an underlying medical condition. beta-haemolytic group G streptococcus was the sole microbial isolate from debrided necrotic tissue. The group G streptococcus chromosome contained a homologue of the nine-gene group A streptococcus sag operon encoding the beta-haemolysin streptolysin S (SLS). Targeted mutagenesis of the putative SLS structural gene sagA in group G streptococcus eliminated beta-haemolytic activity. mice injected subcutaneously with wild-type group A streptococcus or group G streptococcus developed an inflammatory lesion with high bacterial counts, marked neutrophil infiltration, and histopathological evidence of diffuse tissue necrosis. These changes were not found in mice injected with the isogenic group A streptococcus or group G streptococcus SLS-negative mutants. INTERPRETATION: In patients with underlying medical conditions, beta-haemolytic group G streptococcus can produce necrotising soft tissue infections resembling those produced by group A streptococcus. The beta-haemolytic phenotype of group G streptococcus is produced by the exotoxin SLS, encoded by a functional homologue of the nine-gene group A streptococcus sag operon. SLS expression contributes to the pathogenesis of streptococcal necrotising soft tissue infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 20keywords = streptococcus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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