1/78. uterine artery embolization--a successful treatment to control bleeding cervical pregnancy with a simultaneous intrauterine gestation.A case of a woman suffering from a bleeding heterotopic cervical pregnancy is described. The concurrent cervical pregnancy and intrauterine gestation were diagnosed by ultrasound and bleeding was initially controlled with selective fluoroscopic uterine artery embolization. A selective fetal reduction was done with ultrasound-guided intracardiac potassium chloride. uterine artery embolization has been used successfully to control haemorrhage in cervical pregnancies when the main goal was to allow preservation of the uterus, thus maintaining potential fertility. This is the first report of arterial embolization used to control bleeding for maintaining a concurrent intrauterine heterotopic pregnancy in an in-vitro fertilization patient. Unfortunately, subsequent conservative measures led to undesired outcome. This procedure initially controlled the bleeding without disrupting the intrauterine fetal cardiac activity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/78. Fetal seizures causing increased heart rate variability during terminal fetal hypoxia.Fetal seizures together with both abnormal breathing movements and fluctuations in fetal blood pressure and heart rate resulting in increased fetal heart rate variability have been observed in brain-damaged fetal sheep shortly after an asphyxial insult. We report a clinical example of convulsions and increased heart rate variability during terminal fetal hypoxia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0074095378426967keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/78. Fetal brain infection with human parvovirus B19.Intrauterine parvovirus B19 infection is known to be one of the causes of hydrops fetalis. However, there are few reports of the pathologic changes in the central nervous system. Postmortem examination of a fetus revealed multinucleated giant cells of macrophage/microglia lineage and many small calcifications around the vessels, predominantly in the cerebral white matter. parvovirus B19 genome dna was detected in the nucleus of the multinucleated giant cells and solitary endothelial cells by polymerase chain reaction amplification and in situ polymerase chain reaction methods. capsid antigen was also demonstrated in the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells by immunofluorescent assay. Thus, intrauterine B19 parvovirus infection could be associated with marked neuropathologic changes in the fetal brain at the midembryonal period. Neurologic follow-up of complications may be necessary for children who survive the intrauterine infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.037047689213484keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/78. Anomalous ependyma inducing split cord and meningomyelocele?The case is that of a female fetus of 17 to 18 weeks' gestation with major defects of the central nervous system: (1) The thoracic vertebrae demonstrated rachischisis, with segmental diplomyelia; the duplicated cords were dissimilar in size and lay side by side within a single meningeal sheath lacking a dividing septum or spur. Cranially to the divided cord lay an unsplit segment of "open cord" lacking the posterior elements and exposing the centrally placed ependyma of the central canal flanked by glial and epidermal lining, respectively; it could be regarded as an example of a meningomyelocele. (2) Heterotopic massed ependymal cells, some of which were actively proliferating, were associated with the choroid plexus in the brain. Minor anomalies included cerebellar heterotopia and the malpositioning of dorsal root ganglia outside the meningeal sheath. Because the ependyma is such a powerful inducer of the development of neighboring tissue, the findings could be united by a common pathogenic theme, viz problematic ependymal development and migration within both the brain and spinal cord. The causative agent responsible for these abnormalities remains unidentified, but the balance of evidence suggests that its effect was felt during the second week of postconceptual age.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.014819075685393keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/78. central nervous system in twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence with special reference to examination of the brain in acardius anceps.The twin-reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence, or acardia, is the most severe complication in monozygotic twinning. Although more than 400 cases with TRAP sequence were reported since 1533, thorough investigations of the brain in those cases with a rudimentary head remained infrequent. We report a TRAP sequence with microcephaly and a severely rudimentary brain anlage. Neuropathologic examination clearly demonstrated two types of change: (1) developmental arrest of brain at the prosencephalic stage (holoprosencephaly), and (2) hypoxic damage to the holospheric brain mantle with cystic change (hydranencephaly). With reference to previous studies in experimental animals showing that lack of oxygen during early embryogenesis can induce severe disruptions of head-brain and heart formation, it is concluded that oxygen deficiency due to TRAP may be responsible not only for the encephaloclastic changes in the acardius anceps, but for the developmental arrest of the brain cases as well. This would make it unnecessary to postulate additional primary causes such as asymmetric zygote cleavage (Schwalbe, '07) for the maldevelopment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.074095378426967keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/78. Prenatal confirmation of periventricular leukomalacia in a surviving monochorionic-diamniotic twin after death of the other fetus: a case report.A 30-year-old woman was found to be carrying monochorionic-diamniotic twins at 7 weeks of gestation. The growth-retarded fetus died at 21 weeks of gestation. At 28 weeks of gestation, periventricular leukomalacia was detected in the brain of the surviving fetus by transvaginal ultrasonography. A female baby presenting with microcephaly was born at 39 weeks of gestation, and CT of the brain showed microcephaly and marked hydrocephalus. At 12 months of age, the surviving infant presented with severe physical growth retardation, and frequent episodes of clonic convulsions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.014819075685393keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/78. Macerated fetus in utero relating to intracranial angioma: report of 2 cases.Two macerated fetuses in utero are presented. The mothers experienced no abnormalities during pregnancy. Both fetuses were found postmortem to have intracranial angiomas. In case 1, the angioma in the choroid plexus of the right lateral ventricle was associated with intraventricular and subarchnoid hemorrhages. There was additional angiomatosis in the leptomeninges and substance of the brain. In case 2, there was leptomeningeal angiomatosis with diffuse subarchnoid hemorrhage. It is suggested that spontaneous rupture of the angioma of the choroid plexus in case 1 and of the leptomeninges in case 2 resulted in immediate death of the fetuses with subsequent maceration in utero. Asymptomatic angioma of the fourth ventricular choroid plexus is also described in case 2 because of its extreme rarity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0074095378426967keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/78. Sonography and neuropathology of a congenital brain tumor: report of a rare incident.A rare case of a congenital brain tumor was diagnosed by sonography in a fetus at 33 weeks' gestation. The ultrasound examination showed a large area of both increased echogenicity and echolucency in one hemisphere suggestive of brain tumor or hemorrhage. The neuropathological examination revealed an undifferentiated glial tumor with large areas of necrosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.04445722705618keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/78. Expectant management of placenta accreta following stillbirth at term: a case report.placenta accreta is a rare complication of pregnancy with high rates of morbidity and mortality. We report a case of expectant management. This strategy may prevent catastrophic postpartum haemorrhage requiring peripartum hysterectomy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/78. A 46,XX fetus with external female and internal male genitalia, facial dysmorphic features and mildly dilated lateral ventricles of the brain: a new syndrome?The clinical features of a 46,XX fetus with dysmorphic facial features, mild dilatation of the lateral ventricles of the brain, and female external and male internal genitalia are described. This combination of abnormalities does not appear to have been reported previously, and may represent a new syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.037047689213484keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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