1/515. Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage after transoesophageal echocardiography probe insertion.PURPOSE: To describe a case of a massive gastric bleeding following emergency coronary artery bypass surgery associated with transoesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) examination. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 50-yr-old man was referred for an acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary edema (Killip class 3). Twelve hours after his myocardial infarction, he was still having chest pain despite an i.v. heparin infusion. coronary angiography revealed severe three-vessel disease with multifocal stenosis of the left anterior descending, circumflex and total occlusion of the right coronary artery. The patient was transferred to the operating room for emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery. After total systemic heparinization (3 mg.kg-1) was obtained for cardiopulmonary bypass, a multiplane TEE probe was inserted without difficulty to monitor myocardial contractility during weaning from CPB. During sternal closure, the TEE probe was removed and an orogastric tube was inserted with immediate drainage of 1,200 ml red blood. Endoscopic examination demonstrated a mucosal tear near the gastro-oesophageal junction and multiple erosions were seen in the oesophagus. These lesions were successfully treated with submucosal epinephrine injections and the patient was discharged from the hospital eight days after surgery. CONCLUSION: This is a report of severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage following TEE examination in a fully heparinized patient. This incident suggest that, if the use of TEE is expected, the probe should preferably be inserted before the administration of heparin and the beginning of CPB.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = stem (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/515. Primary aortoduodenal fistula.The aortoenteric fistula is a well-known but uncommon cause of gastrointestinal haemorrhage. It is usually secondary to previous reconstructive surgery of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Primary aortoenteric fistula is a rare disorder which predominantly occurs in the duodenum. We report the case of a 76-year-old patient who presented with melaena and hypovolaemic shock due to a primary aortoduodenal fistula. Pathogenesis, diagnostic procedures and postmortem pathologic examination of this condition are discussed. The value of computed tomography in establishing the diagnosis is emphasized.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 944986.55222387keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/515. An unusual cause of haemorrhagic ascites following blunt abdominal trauma.Slow intraperitoneal haemorrhage following blunt abdominal trauma may present as haemorrhagic ascites. Such haemorrhage is usually due to rupture of spleen, liver or damage to small bowel mesenteric vasculature. We encountered a patient with bleeding from ruptured exogastric leiomyoblastoma. Two cases of traumatic rupture of gastric leiomyosarcomas have been reported previously. The operative treatment is usually delayed and the diagnosis established only at laparotomy. We suggest a high level of suspicion and early laparotomy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1889973.1044477keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/515. A case of intra-abdominal multiple lymphangiomas in an adult in whom the immunological evaluation supported the diagnosis.A 60-year-old patient with intra-abdominal lymphangiomatosis is described. He presented with anaemia due to enteric haemorrhage, hypoproteinaemia with heavy hypogammaglobulinaemia and T-cell lymphopenia. Duodenal biopsy showed lymphangiectasia while a small bowel study revealed several filling defects in the terminal ileum. On exploratory laparotomy, numerous inoperable lymphangio-haemangiomata were found, involving the small and large intestine, appendix, mesenterium, gallbladder and main biliary tract. The importance of T-cell lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinaemia in the diagnosis of intra-abdominal lymphangiomatosis with lymphangiectasia is stressed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 944986.55222387keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/515. Watermelon-stomach as a cause of chronic iron deficiency anemia in a patient with systemic sclerosis.Watermelon-stomach is a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. There has been an increasing number of reports on the association of this lesion with diseases of the scleroderma group, causing chronic, sometimes severe gastrointestinal blood loss. The present report presents the case of a 75-year-old female with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis and watermelon-stomach, which was the cause of her long-standing sideropenic anemia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = stem (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/515. Medical and hormonal therapy in occult gastrointestinal bleeding.In this age of modern technology and aggressive but noninvasive therapies, the idea of treating an identifiable but discrete bleeding lesion with systemic medical therapy seems an anachronism. But medical therapy can be the treatment of choice for some bleeding vascular lesions of the gut. Though most vascular lesions appear similar endoscopically and are a cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, they consist of various pathologic identities. These different lesions have not only different pathologic appearances, but also different prognoses. The natural history of many of these lesions remains largely unknown. Long-term success in controlling bleeding must be measured in the context of the responsible lesion's frequency of occurrence and recurrence. Medical therapy can include hopeful watchful waiting, routine blood transfusions, or specific medications. Medical therapy has been pursued along two lines. The most common form of medical therapy has been simple supportive care. This may include iron therapy and avoidance of aspirin and other anticoagulants. Transfusions may be necessary, occasionally or on a regular basis. The second form of medical therapy has been the use of estrogens. There have been other medical attempts to control bleeding from intestinal vascular lesions. somatostatin has been used in an uncontrolled fashion, as has aminocaproic acid. Vascular lesions of the bowel are not all the same. Medical therapy of vascular lesions is contrary to general present practice. Endoscopic or surgical therapy is presently considered best because of its ease, relatively good long-term results, and the lack of a clearly effective, well-tolerated medical therapy. Medical therapy is usually reserved for diffuse vascular diseases of the bowel, for vascular lesions located in relatively inaccessible locations, for patients with continued bleeding despite endoscopic or surgical management, and for patients who are not candidates for either endoscopic or surgical therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = stem (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/515. The role of surgery in occult gastrointestinal bleeding.The surgeon is frequently involved in the management of patients with occult gastrointestinal bleeding. It is important to have a systematic approach to these patients to avoid the "looking for a needle in a haystack" approach to this problem. These are a group of patients who have undergone extensive standard gastroendoscopic evaluation and continue to bleed. Five percent of gastrointestinal bleeding occurs between the ligament of Treitz and the ileocecal valve. Therapeutic management may be guided by the age of the patient. patients aged younger than 50 years will usually bleed from readily identifiable palpable lesions, such as leiomyoma, Meckel's diverticulum, or other small-bowel tumors, whereas the patients aged older than 50 years most commonly bleed from angiodysplasias or arteriovenous malformations that are not palpable, frequently multiple, and may be evanescent.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = stem (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/515. Anaplastic and sarcomatoid carcinoma of the small intestine: an unusual tumor.Primary malignant tumors of the small intestine are rare, and sarcomatoid carcinomas have rarely been reported at this site. Anaplastic and sarcomatoid carcinomas are well described in the upper aerodigestive tract, particularly in the esophagus and the larynx. The authors report a case of anaplastic and sarcomatoid carcinoma of the ileum presenting as gastrointestinal bleeding. Their patient and the literature suggest that these tumors are much more aggressive than other small intestinal tumors. The importance of a systematic diagnostic approach in diagnosing these tumors is also discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = stem (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/515. Intestinal ulceration, obstruction, and haemorrhage in congenital syphilis.intestinal obstruction and bleeding are uncommon complications of congenital syphilis (CS). A VDRL-positive infant developed incomplete intestinal obstruction and rectal bleeding. Despite conservative management, his symptoms continued. At laparotomy, terminal ileal inflammation and stenosis were demonstrated. He underwent ileal resection and primary end-to-end anastomosis with resolution of his symptoms. Histopathological examination demonstrated heavy plasmacytic infiltration of the lamina propria and submucosa with ulceration of the mucosa, consistent with syphilitic ileitis. This report documents for the first time bleeding from ileal ulcers associated with intestinal obstruction in CS and highlights an unusual presentation of the disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3779946.2088955keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/515. Profuse lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage as an indication for surgery in necrotising enterocolitis.An infant developed massive lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage secondary to necrotising enterocolitis after cardiac surgery. The haemorrhage was only controlled following a colectomy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5669919.3133432keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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