1/23. diagnosis of diabetes mellitus at the hospital of Venice in 1863.In 1674 Thomas Willis reported that the presence of urine 'as sweet as honey' was the pathognomonic sign of diabetes mellitus. In the 19th Century several reactions for the detection of glucose in urine were proposed and glucose measurement became common in the laboratories that were being set up in europe. A case of diabetes mellitus, diagnosed by Namias, the head of the women's Section of the medicine Department of Venice Hospital, was reported in 1863 in the 'Giornale Veneto di Scienze Mediche' which contains clinical and laboratory information. A 34-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for polydypsia, polyuria, bulimia and fatigue. urine was weighed for 2 months (2-10 kgday(-1)) and the relative density ranged from 1.045 to 1.038. Glucose was measured in the urine using Moore, Trommer and Fehling reagents. A few days after admission a urine sample showed 7.69 parts/100 parts of urine and a blood sample showed 547 mg of glucose/100 g of serum. The assays were carried out in the Clinical Laboratory of Venice Hospital, founded in 1863, directed by Giovanni Bizio, one of the first chemists who graduated at Padua University. In 1863 chemical analyses were commonly carried out in Venice as in the other parts of Habsburg empire.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = diabetes mellitus, diabetes, mellitus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/23. Tenofovir-related nephrotoxicity in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: three cases of renal failure, fanconi syndrome, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.We report 3 cases of renal toxicity associated with use of the antiviral agent tenofovir. Renal failure, proximal tubular dysfunction, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus were observed, and, in 2 cases, renal biopsy revealed severe tubular necrosis with characteristic nuclear changes. patients receiving tenofovir must be monitored closely for early signs of tubulopathy (glycosuria, acidosis, mild increase in the plasma creatinine level, and proteinuria).- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.13745671397063keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/23. urine glucose testing: reliable backup for whole blood glucose monitoring.urine glucose testing has been deemed by some to be nonessential in the management of diabetes mellitus since the technique and equipment for self-monitoring of blood glucose has become available. However, most physicians have experienced pitfalls in the management of diabetes mellitus when insulin dosage is adjusted daily based solely on the patient's monitoring of blood glucose. There have also been recent reports suggesting the use of urine glucose testing as a reliable and a reasonable alternative to monitoring of blood glucose in the management of diabetic subjects, including those using insulin as the mode of therapy. In this report, we describe a patient in whom diabetic ketoacidosis occurred during hospitalization as a result of inadequate insulin administration due to inaccurate capillary blood glucose test results. Furthermore, urine glucose and ketone values obtained simultaneously had been disregarded. If insulin therapy had been adjusted according to urine glucose results rather than blood glucose readings, diabetic ketoacidosis could have been averted in this patient. urine glucose testing may provide a reliable backup for suspect whole blood glucose values and may prevent catastrophic events requiring expensive hospitalization. This report also delineates several potential procedural problems that exist in the technique of whole blood glucose monitoring and provides recommendations to overcome these deficiencies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = diabetes mellitus, diabetes, mellitus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/23. Latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus in children (LADC) with autoimmune thyroiditis and celiac disease.Latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus in adults (LADA) is characterized by clinical presentation as type 2 diabetes mellitus after 25 years of age, initial control achieved with oral hypoglycemic agents for at least 6 months, presence of autoantibodies and some immunogenetic features of type 1 diabetes mellitus. An 8.3 year-old girl was referred to our pediatric endocrinology department because of incidental glucosuria. She did not complain of polyuria, polydipsia, or weight loss. Her body mass index (BMI) was at the 80th percentile. fasting glucose was 126 mg/dl, and OGTT glucose level at 120 min was 307 mg/dl. Although c-peptide levels were normal, her first phase insulin response (FIR) was lower than the 1st percentile. Anti-insulin antibody (AIA), islet cell antibody (ICA), and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (antiGAD) were negative. According to the clinical and laboratory findings, she was diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes mellitus. She was started with oral anti-diabetic treatment for a period of 1 year. insulin had to be initiated for worsening of HbA1c levels. In the fourth year of follow-up, she was admitted to our hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis although she was on an intensive insulin regimen. At this time, c-peptide levels were low, antiGAD and AIA were positive with HLA DR3/DQ2 haplotype. In addition, her thyroid peroxidase antibody and endomysium antibody were found to be high at follow-up. Small intestinal biopsy revealed celiac disease. This patient may represent the first case of latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus in children (LADC) with autoimmune thyroiditis and celiac disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5keywords = diabetes mellitus, diabetes, mellitus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/23. An unusual presentation of diabetes mellitus.Three middle-aged and elderly patients presenting with their first attack of acute anterior uveitis (AAU) were found to have previously undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. A first attack of AAU is unusual in this age group and may indicate underlying systemic disease. Diabetes is an infrequent cause of uveitis but should be considered in the differential diagnosis. It is important to be aware of this uncommon presentation of the disease, thereby stating the value of performing routine urinalysis in AAU.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.83333333333333keywords = diabetes mellitus, diabetes, mellitus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/23. Combined glyburide and insulin therapy in type II diabetes.Present treatment of type II diabetes mellitus often fails to normalize post-prandial glucoses. A placebo-controlled, double-blinded design tested the effects of combined glyburide-insulin therapy over 4 months in 20 patients after achieving good control of fasting glucose with diet and intermediate insulin alone. insulin requirements significantly decreased in both groups during the initial hospitalization when drug or placebo was added, presumably because of enforced dietary compliance. Thereafter, post-prandial glucoses worsened in the placebo group, as did hemoglobin A1c; neither of these parameters changed on the glyburide group by week 16, except for modest reduction of the 2h post-lunch glucose. Thus, while combined therapy provides little advantage beyond what can be accomplished with effective doses of intermediate insulin alone, it did reduce the need for this exogenous insulin.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.27663203784317keywords = diabetes mellitus, diabetes, mellitus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/23. Nephrotic-range proteinuria and hyperglycemia associated with clonidine therapy.glycosuria, hyperglycemia, and nephrotic-range proteinuria developed in a 68-year-old patient after clonidine was added to a stable antihypertensive regimen, which included metoprolol, of three years' duration. He later became glucose-intolerant with fasting hyperglycemia. clonidine has been reported to transiently impair glucose tolerance. Persistent diabetes in a previously normoglycemic patient following clonidine has not been reported, and it supports the possibility that clonidine and metoprolol may have additive effects in suppressing endogenous insulin secretion.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.027491342794126keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/23. Hyperosmolar diabetes presenting as acute urinary retention: report of three cases.Three elderly patients presented at one hospital in a 2-week period with acute urinary retention precipitated by the hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic state. In each case routine urine testing was reported as showing 1 per cent glycosuria. The first two patients were admitted at night and blood glucose estimations were not done. This led to a delay of 16 and 12 h respectively before the appropriate therapy was instituted. It is suggested that this clinical presentation, previously unreported, may not be a rarity and represents an avoidable cause of death in patients with acute urinary retention.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.10996537117651keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/23. Factitious diabetes mellitus confirmed by ascorbic acid.We report a girl aged 31/2 years in whom signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus were falsified by the mother. Evaluation in hospital rapidly ruled out diabetes mellitus and the use of ascorbic acid as a marker enabled us to prove urine substitution by the girl's mother.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = diabetes mellitus, diabetes, mellitus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/23. Cerebral edema complicating diabetic ketoacidosis in childhood.Three patients who developed fatal cerebral edema in the diabetes camp setting were reviewed with 14 previously reported instances in persons under 21 years of age. Seven occurred in the initial episode of diabetic ketoacidosis. Minimal blood glucose levels less than 250 mg/dl were recorded in 8/17. Rate of fluid administration, rate of Na or K infusion, and hyponatremia or hypokalemia were not consistent factors. Two of the 17 patients received oral fluids only. An etiologic role for rate of blood glucose correction or speed of hydration was not substantiated by this experience and review.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.027491342794126keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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