1/10. Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis in a 14-yr-old female.A case of a 14-yr-old female with necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis (NSG) is presented. She was referred because of chest pain and malaise, and radiography revealed multiple pulmonary nodules. Her history showed seasonal sensitization to aeroallergens and hay fever. Infectious agents or malignancies did not characterize these nodules. However, she was treated with macrolide antibiotics because of suspected infection with chlamydia pneumoniae. Open lung biopsy showed histological findings of NSG, with epithelioid granulomatous inflammation, including giant cells, and vasculitis. No further treatment was performed, and symptoms disappeared within a few weeks. The chest radiograph showed gradual improvement. The aetiology of NSG is poorly understood, and is postulated to represent either sarcoidosis or rare forms of pulmonary vasculitis such as Wegener's granulomatosis or the churg-strauss syndrome. In the case presented, a coincidence of infection with chlamydia pneumoniae suggests an involvement of infectious agents in the pattern of formation of immune complexes in the aetiology of NSG.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = sarcoid, sarcoidosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/10. Sarcoid-like pulmonary disorder in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy.We report two cases of hiv-infected patients who presented with diffuse interstitial micronodular lesions on chest X-ray after institution of protease inhibitor-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Granulomatous pulmonary disorder mimicking sarcoidosis was diagnosed on histopathological studies revealing noncaseating granuloma and bronchoalveolar lavage analysis showing an intense CD4( ) lymphocyte alveolitis. Causative agents such as infectious organisms and environmental compounds were excluded. The relationship between sarcoid-like reaction and immune reconstitution under HAART is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.39011775639168keywords = sarcoid, sarcoidosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/10. Hard metal alveolitis accompanied by rheumatoid arthritis.Hard metal lung diseases (HML) are rare, and complex to diagnose. We describe the case of a patient with allergic alveolitis accompanied by rheumatoid arthritis. A sharpener of hard metal by trade, our patient was a 45-year-old, nonsmoking Caucasian female who experienced symptoms of cough and phlegm, and dyspnea on exertion. Preliminary lung findings were inspiratory rales in both basal areas, decreased diffusion capacity and a radiological picture resembling sarcoidosis. A high-resolution computed tomography scan indicated patchy alveolitis as well. An open lung biopsy revealed non-necrotizing granulomas consisting of epitheloid cells and surrounded by lymphocytes, plasma cells and a few eosinophils. These cells also occupied the thickened alveolar interstitium. macrophages in the alveolar spaces, some of them multinuclear, contained dust particles. Hard metal alveolitis is clinically well known and, in this patient, has been described histologically. After the patient had quit working with hard metal and following corticosteroid therapy, pulmonary symptoms and signs were relieved. During this recovery period, however, she contracted rheumatoid arthritis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2376471954896keywords = sarcoid, sarcoidosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/10. Noncaseating granulomatous disease in common variable immunodeficiency.patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) are occasionally recognized to have a concurrent noncaseating granulomatous disease. The granulomatous disease (GD) associated with CVID shares many clinical properties typical of sarcoidosis. Some investigators speculate that the GD-CVID is actually sarcoidosis that is expressed atypically because of the patient's immunodeficiency. Clinical differences, however, have led other investigators to speculate that the GD-CVID is a distinct "sarcoid-like" granulomatous process.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.62776495188127keywords = sarcoid, sarcoidosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/10. Granulomatous pneumonitis following bone marrow transplantation.We describe the rare occurrence of a granulomatous pneumonitis seen in a patient following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Interestingly sarcoidosis was diagnosed in the marrow donor less than a year after donating his bone marrow.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2376471954896keywords = sarcoid, sarcoidosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/10. Increased serum thymidine kinase activity in acute sarcoidosis.This is the first case report of acute sarcoidosis with increased serum thymidine kinase (TK) activity. A 43-year-old male presented fever, swelling of parotid glands, lymphadenopathy, and peripheral neuropathy. sarcoidosis was pathologically diagnosed by lung and parotid gland biopsy. His serum TK, which was increased to 11.2 U/l at diagnosis (normal <5 U/l), normalized after glucocorticoid therapy. serum TK has been considered as a good marker of the proliferative activity of various types of neoplasms. Its rise in sarcoidosis has, however, not been described. Because acute sarcoidosis sometimes resembles malignant lymphoma, the possible rise of serum TK in sarcoidosis may be worthy of note.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.9011775639168keywords = sarcoid, sarcoidosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/10. Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis: a rarity in childhood.Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis (NSG) is characterized by pulmonary nodular infiltrates, a typical histology, and a benign clinical course. The etiology and pathogenesis of the disease are still unknown. In childhood, it is extremely rare, with only three reported cases so far. Here we report on an 8-year-old girl, who to our knowledge is the youngest reported patient with NSG. The girl presented with shortness of breath and a sore throat. Chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scan revealed multiple nodular opacities of the lung. The symptoms and radiological findings disappeared within 6 months without any treatment. The diagnosis was based on the typical signs and symptoms of NSG and on the exclusion of other diseases. As abnormal immunological findings such as the lack of specific diphtheria antibodies in spite of vaccination against diphtheria were present, we suggest that immunologic mechanisms could play an etiologic role in the pathogenesis of NSG. In addition, the ratio of CD4 /CD8 T-cells in the peripheral blood was significantly reduced, whereas the CD4 /CD8 T-cell ratio in the immunohistochemical staining of the lung tissue was elevated. Since this compartmentalization is a typical finding in sarcoidosis, it supports the theory that NSG may represent a variant of sarcoidosis. However, because some characteristics of NSG are uncommon in typical sarcoidosis, NSG may also be an entity in its own right.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.4752943909792keywords = sarcoid, sarcoidosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/10. Granulomatous pulmonary disease in a child: an unusual presentation of Crohn's disease.Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the bowel which may be associated with an extensive list of extraintestinal manifestations involving almost every organ system. The most common organs involved are the eyes, skin, joints, and liver. Symptomatic bronchopulmonary disorders have been reported only rarely in pediatric CD. We report on an 11-year-old child who had a recurrent cough and increasing dyspnea with exercise for 8 months before developing any gastrointestinal symptoms. He was demonstrated to have granulomatous inflammation of the lung, as well as of the gastrointestinal tract. Similarities between CD and sarcoidosis are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2376471954896keywords = sarcoid, sarcoidosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/10. Interferon-induced granulomatous lung disease.PURPOSE OF review: Interferon therapy can induce or exacerbate sarcoidosis. With the increasing use of interferons it is highly likely that more cases of sarcoidosis will be encountered by clinicians. We describe three unusual cases of interferon-induced sarcoidosis and review the most recent relevant literature on this subject. RECENT FINDINGS: interferons, on account of their antiviral antigrowth and immunomodulatory effects, are used to treat various internal and dermatological diseases. Exogenously administered interferons stimulate the Th-1 response, which plays a major role in granuloma formation. In most of the patients with interferon-induced sarcoidosis, the disease subsides when interferon is discontinued. Occasionally, treatment with corticosteroids may become necessary. SUMMARY: Interferon therapy can induce or exacerbate sarcoidosis, the disease disappears when interferon is discontinued, sometimes treatment with corticosteroids is required.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.188235977448keywords = sarcoid, sarcoidosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/10. Retrograde radiographic development in pulmonary sarcoidosis.A 48-year-old man with dyspnea, cough, and fever was found to have a diffuse ground-glass pulmonary lesion without lymphadenopathy on chest X-ray. The lesion shifted to the peripheral lung zones 2 months later when transbronchial biopsy demonstrated noncaseating granulomas with Langhans type giant cells. After 6 more months, prominent bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and highly elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Such a course is quite rare in that it goes the opposite way of the conventional staging system.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.188235977448keywords = sarcoid, sarcoidosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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