1/56. Palinopsia and polyopia in the absence of drugs or cerebral disease.OBJECTIVE: To report the occurrence of palinopsia and polyopia in patients who neither used drugs nor had diseases of the cerebral hemispheres, a group in which these visual symptoms have not been reported. METHOD: The patient records in the database of an academic neuro-ophthalmology unit were reviewed. RESULTS: Seventeen patients were identified in the database with the diagnosis of palinopsia or polyopia, of whom eight had diseases of the cerebral hemispheres, leaving nine patients for analysis. No patients with a history of drug toxicity were identified. In one patient the symptoms presented during an initial episode of demyelinative optic neuritis in the absence of clinical or laboratory evidence of cerebral lesions. In another patient they developed immediately after laser treatment of diabetic macular edema. A third patient developed the symptoms in association with visual loss from Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. The other six patients were healthy individuals. CONCLUSION: Palinopsia and related visual symptoms can occur in otherwise healthy individuals and in patients with disease apparently confined to the eye or the optic nerve.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = eye (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/56. Dimethylacetamide, ethylenediamine, and diphenylmethane diisocyanate poisoning manifest as acute psychosis and pulmonary edema: treatment with hemoperfusion.CASE REPORT: A 27-year-old man, employed by a synthetic fiber company, had been exposed to dimethylacetamide, ethylenediamine, and diphenylmethane diisocyanate in a confined space continuously for 4-6 hours per day for 3 days before admission. hallucinations and delusions were noted at admission; pulmonary edema developed subsequently. The electroencephalogram showed diffuse moderate cortical dysfunction and slow waves at 4-7 Hz, 20-80 microV. seizures, liver injury, and rhabdomyolysis were noted on the 4th hospital day. The patient was treated by hemoperfusion with a decrease in urine dimethylacetamide from 3,265 mg/g to 4 mg/g creatinine over 4 days. Serial urinary dimethylacetamide and electroencephalogram correlated with the clinical condition.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.60959302443519keywords = injury (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/56. Hypnopompic hallucinations with donepezil.A case of hypnopompic hallucinations associated with donepezil is described. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and sleep EEG changes are common in Alzheimers disease and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs can affect rapid eye movement sleep and alertness. The importance of assessing sleep in patients treated with these drugs is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = eye (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/56. A narcoleptic patient exhibiting hallucinations and delusion.A female narcoleptic patient with persistent auditory hallucinations and delusion is reported. These psychotic symptoms appeared before the diagnosis of narcolepsy and before the use of pemoline and clomipramine. On admission to the Department of neuropsychiatry at the Kurume University school of medicine, the patient's auditory hallucinations were almost the same as the previous hallucinations. The patient's delusional state improved smoothly after haloperidol administration. After that, the patient related well socially. The persistent auditory hallucinations were correlated with rapid eye movement sleep symptoms during her disease process so that we concluded that her persistent auditory hallucinations and delusion of observation were due to narcoleptic symptoms.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = eye (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/56. Transient formed visual hallucinations following macular translocation for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration.PURPOSE: To report the occurrence of transient formed visual hallucinations following macular translocation. methods: Two case reports. RESULTS: Two white women aged 84 and 83 years with bilateral age-related macular degeneration and unilateral subfoveal choroidal neovascularization underwent macular translocation with punctate retinotomy (limited macular translocation) and chorioscleral infolding in the eye with neovascularization. They complained of formed visual hallucinations which began within 24 hours following macular translocation and ceased 7 and 3 days postoperatively, respectively. Their symptoms occurred in the presence of normal cognition, orientation and insight, were not associated with other psychiatric symptoms, and were characteristic of Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS). CONCLUSION: The temporary deliberate retinal detachment and/or poor vision following macular translocation may be associated with postoperative CBS, and this report extends the spectrum of conditions associated with CBS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = eye (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/56. Perseveration of traumatic re-experiencing in PTSD; a cautionary note regarding exposure based psychological treatments for PTSD when head injury and dysexecutive impairment are also present.This case study describes the psychological treatment of a man with co-existing PTSD, head injury and mild dysexecutive impairment. It describes the detrimental consequences when the re-experiencing of a traumatic event appears to have become a perseverated response. In this case, the perseveration meant that the most distressing part of the traumatic event became unavoidable and lead to it being continuously re-experienced without remittance over a very prolonged period (7-10 days). This type of re-experiencing has not been reported before. It potentially has significant implications for the treatment of PTSD in such circumstances. It may also have implications for behavioural models of PTSD in general.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.0479651221759keywords = injury (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/56. Dreaming sleep attacks and desynchronized sleep enhancement. Report of a case of brain stem signs.When central neurologic signs were localized to the vestibular region of the brain stem and cerebellum, a 54-year-old man experienced frequent awakenings from nocturnal sleep and daytime sleep attacks with hallucinosis. sleep attacks were characterized by lid fluttering and closure, upward turning of the eyes, rapid eye movements, myoclonic twitching of all extremities, and loss of consciousness, lasting one or two minutes and aborted by strong sensory stimulation. At their termination, reports of hallucinoid imagery were given. In a sleep record of 6.5 hours, there were 2.2 hours awake (34%), 4.3 hours desynchronized sleep (66%), and a complete absence of synchronized sleep. Reports of hallucinoid imagery were given after awakenings from desynchronized sleep. The findings support the hypotheses that desynchronized sleep is normally under brain stem control and that some types of narcolepsy may be pathophysiologically related to desynchronized sleep.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = eye (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/56. Paranoid delusions and hallucinations and bright light therapy in Alzheimer's disease.INTRODUCTION: Bright light therapy (BLT) is becoming increasingly popular as an adjunct in the treatment of non-SAD depression and circadian rhythm disturbances in demented patients. Although the rate of side-effects is low, special attention should be paid when treating new groups of patients. We present the case of an 80-year-old woman suffering from dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT). METHOD: Bright light (2.500 lux) was administered two hours daily between 10 and 12 a.m. for 14 days. Changes in delusion or agitation were recorded using the confusion rating scale (CRS). RESULTS: Out of five patients, three already had delusional symptoms which slightly improved during the course of BLT, one patient never showed delusions before or during BLT, and one patient, which we present here, showed an increase in agitation and developed delusional symptoms. After eight days of treatment, the patient developed conjunctival irritation with marked red eyes and complained about blurred vision. After 12 days of treatment, the patient was disorientated in time and place and after 14 days the patient started to hallucinate and BLT had to be discontinued. The paranoid delusions and hallucinations stopped one day after treatment discontinuation. CONCLUSION: Looking at all the presented evidence, BLT seems to be a useful treatment supplement in DAT patients, when suffering from delusions or agitation. On the other hand, caution should be used when using BLT in demented patients if agitation develops or increases during BLT.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = eye (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/56. sleep and dream suppression following a lateral medullary infarct: a first-person account.consciousness can be studied only if subjective experience is documented and quantified, yet first-person accounts of the effects of brain injury on conscious experience are as rare as they are potentially useful. This report documents the alterations in waking, sleeping, and dreaming caused by a lateral medullary infarct. Total insomnia and the initial suppression of dreaming was followed by the gradual recovery of both functions. A visual hallucinosis during waking that was associated with the initial period of sleep and dream suppression is described in detail. Since the changes in sleep and their recovery are comparable to results of animal experiments, it can be concluded that damage to the medullary brain stem causes extreme but short-lived alterations in conscious state and that substantial recovery occurs even though the damage to the brain stem endures.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.60959302443519keywords = injury (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/56. Tactile hallucinations in Parkinson's disease.hallucinations occur in up to 40% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and are mainly of a visual nature. We prospectively studied 8 patients with PD and tactile hallucinations (TH). TH occurred with a clear sensorium, and were long-lasting. In most cases they involved animals, were combined with other types of hallucinations occurring simultaneously (mainly formed visual hallucinations), and predominated in the evening and/or at night. Pharmacological and disease-related factors, including a disorder in rapid-eye-movement sleep mechanisms, could play a part in the pathophysiology of these hallucinations.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = eye (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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