1/137. MR and CT imaging in the Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome. Report of three cases and contribution to pathogenesis and differential diagnosis.Cerebral hemiatrophy or Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome is a condition characterized by seizures, facial asymmetry, contralateral hemiplegia or hemiparesis, and mental retardation. These findings are due to cerebral injury that may occur early in life or in utero. The radiological features are unilateral loss of cerebral volume and associated compensatory bone alterations in the calvarium, like thickening, hyperpneumatization of the paranasal sinuses and mastoid cells and elevation of the petrous ridge. The authors describe three cases. Classical findings of the syndrome are present in variable degrees according to the extent of the brain injury. Pathogenesis is commented.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = seizure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/137. lipoma of the corpus callosum.lipoma of the corpus callosum is a rare congenital condition, often asymptomatic, but which may present as epilepsy, hemiplegia, dementia, or headaches. This paper reviews the condition and reports the only two cases which are known to the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, london. The second case demonstrated the value of computerised axial tomography (EMI scan) in making the diagnosis and showing associated anomalies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5402713786537keywords = epilepsy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/137. Ictal hemiparesis.Two subjects with ictal hemiparesis are described. Both children presented with evolving paresis associated with seizure activity. Structural neuroimaging remained consistently normal, although EEG demonstrated slow-wave activity, and SPECT scanning in one child showed perfusion asymmetry. Both children had resolution of the hemiparesis when seizure activity was adequately controlled. The historically proposed pathophysiology of ictal hemiparesis is that of inhibition of the somatosensory and motor areas of the cortex. The presence of an evolving hemiparesis and seizure activity associated with normal neuroimaging should prompt consideration of ictal hemiparesis. Confirmation of this rare diagnosis can only be made when seizure control leads to resolution of the paresis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = seizure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/137. Falcotentorial plasmacytoma. Case report.Intracranial solitary plasmacytomas are extremely rare tumors and are often misdiagnosed preoperatively. The authors report the successful treatment of a patient who harbored such a tumor involving both the falx and tentorium; this is the second case reported. A 59-year-old woman suffered from a seizure disorder due to a falcotentorial lesion, which had been identified 3 years earlier and was thought at the time to be an en plaque meningioma. Most recently, the patient presented with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and hemiparesis. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of her head revealed progressive growth of the tumor. The patient underwent partial resection of the tumor and chemo- and radiation therapies. Intracranial plasmacytomas must always be included in a differential diagnosis because potential complete cure can be achieved using fairly conservative treatment modalities.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = seizure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/137. Metabolic stroke in isolated 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency.A mildly retarded infant with failure to thrive developed hypoglycaemia, focal seizures, respiratory failure and hemiparesis during a febrile episode at the age of 16 months. A brain scan was initially normal and showed hemilateral focal edema and gliosis at later stages. 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency was suggested by elevated urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and 3-methylcrotonylglycine, and confirmed by enzyme assays. The patient was treated with protein restriction and carnitine and remained stable during the following 5 years. Hemiparesis and some developmental delay persisted. In acute focal brain disease, metabolic disorders must be considered. 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency adds to the list of possible causes of "metabolic stroke".- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = seizure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/137. A family with hemiplegic migraine and focal seizures.Familial hemiplegic migraine is a distinctive form of migraine with autosomal dominant inheritance. The patients undergo attacks of migraine complicated by hemiplegia. Seizures have not been reported as comprising a part of this syndrome. We describe three generations of a family with hemiplegic migraine and focal seizures occurring concurrently with the migrainous attacks. There were five affected family members whose clinical features included unilateral headache and transient hemiplegia. Two family members also had focal seizures during the migrainous attacks. One of the patients was treated with carbamazepine with good results. The only associated neurological finding was ataxia which was found in the oldest patient. The presence of focal seizures during an episode of hemiplegic migraine suggests that the two phenomena of migraine and focal seizures may share the same underlying pathophysiology.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 8keywords = seizure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/137. Changes in diffusion-weighted MRI after status epilepticus.A 3-year-old male developed hemiplegia and aphasia after convulsive status epilepticus. diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images demonstrated cytotoxic edema in the white matter 6 days after the seizure episode and subsequently in the gray matter after an additional 7 days. diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images demonstrated a subacute evolution of the pathologic process after the status epilepticus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = seizure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/137. Functional hemispherectomy: radical treatment for Rasmussen's encephalitis.Rasmussen's encephalitis is a progressive, debilitating disease that usually appears in the pediatric population but also may affect adults. Uncontrolled seizures, cognitive decline, and a progressive hemiparesis accompany this disorder. Treatment options are limited and consist of medical management, which is somewhat experimental and ineffective; the use of either intravenous antiviral agents or steroids; or surgical resection of the affected hemisphere. patients undergoing hemispherectomy for Rasmussen's encephalitis are complex. nurses caring for these patients require a high degree of knowledge and specialized skills. Patient outcome is highly affected by the knowledge and skill of the entire team of healthcare professionals needed to manage these patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = seizure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/137. Postcallosotomy seizure outcome in hemiconvulsion-hemiatrophy-epilepsy syndrome.Recently, three patients with hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome who underwent callosotomy were monitored for more than four years. All patients had atrophy of the right brain hemisphere with left hemiparesis and seizures. Two cases were probably the result of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage and one was due to an unknown cause. Wada tests were done in cases 1 and 2, which showed spared motor function of the atrophic hemisphere, supporting the choice of callosotomy instead of hemispherectomy. Patient 1 had atypical absence seizures and asymmetric generalized tonic seizures before surgery, the latter of which decreased by about 60% after callosotomy. Patient 2 had simple partial seizures of the motor type and complex partial seizures, the latter of which were also induced by touch (somatosensory-induced reflex epilepsy). This patient's complex partial seizures disappeared completely, but the simple partial seizures remained unchanged. Patient 3 had generalized tonic seizures, simple partial seizures of the sensory type and complex partial seizures. After surgery, the frequency of the generalized tonic seizures decreased more than 90%. The simple partial seizures of the sensory type remained unchanged. There were two new types of seizures after surgery, simple partial seizures of the motor type and brief generalized myoclonic jerks. All patients had significant reductions in numbers of seizures of more than 50%.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 22.801241041361keywords = seizure, epilepsy, tonic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/137. epilepsy and paroxysmal movement disorders in families: evidence for shared mechanisms.The epilepsies have been regarded as clinically distinct from the paroxysmal movement disorders. Recently, a variety of ion channel defects have been identified as the biological basis of certain familial epilepsies and paroxysmal movement disorders. We studied two families with the co-occurrence of epilepsy, movement disorders and migraine. Information was obtained on 147 individuals in the two families. In family WF, there was a co-occurrence of epilepsy (benign infantile convulsions, idiopathic generalized epilepsy), episodic ataxia (with cerebellar atrophy and without myokymia) and common migraine. In family CL, epilepsy (febrile seizures, febrile seizures plus), kinesigenic paroxysmal dyskinesia and migraine (including hemiplegic migraine) were observed in various combinations over 3 generations. The observations in these two families, together with review of the literature, suggest that the co-occurrence of epilepsy (particularly benign infantile convulsions), paroxysmal movement disorders and migraine is not due to chance. Thus, these distinct clinical phenomena could have a shared biological basis and ion channel defects are an attractive possibility.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4.7013568932685keywords = seizure, epilepsy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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