1/13. women issues in female patients receiving peritoneal dialysis.About 50% of the population receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) in the united states are women. Nephrologists generally address medical issues related to end-stage renal disease, ie, anemia, hypercholesterolemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism. In female PD patients, specific topics should also be addressed. They include menstruation, birth control methods, osteoporosis, child bearing, postmenopausal hormone replacement and its consequences, screening of gynecological malignancies, sexual problems, and hemoperitoneum. We briefly describe in a multidisciplinary view the management of these issues.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gynecologic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/13. hemoperitoneum in patients receiving hemodialysis.Acute abdominal pain in chronic hemodialysis patients has well-known causes, including acute pancreatitis, mesenteric arterial insufficiency, or complicated duodenal ulcer. Others, such as hemoperitoneum, are far less common. Although hemoperitoneum occurs in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis, dialysis is seldom if ever the direct cause of the bleeding. hemoperitoneum is often related to menses or ovulation, particularly to ovarian cyst rupture; therefore, it is more common in young women. In most cases, no specific treatment is required. hemoperitoneum is rarely considered as the cause of acute abdominal pain in chronic hemodialysis patients. In this report of hemoperitoneum confirmed by emergency laparotomy in 3 women, bleeding was not related to gynecologic origin. All of the women were younger than age 50 and undergoing long-term hemodialysis. All patients had a history of acute abdominal pain associated with shock. The cause of bleeding was always an organ lesion: hepatic amyloidosis with suspected portal hypertension or sclerosing peritonitis and acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Coagulation abnormalities and the use of anticoagulants during hemodialysis sessions may have been aggravating factors in all three patients. hemoperitoneum is difficult to diagnose, particularly in the minor forms, and consequently its incidence may be underestimated. Therefore, it should be considered whenever a chronic hemodialysis patient presents with persistent acute abdominal pain.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gynecologic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/13. Omental trophoblastic implants and hemoperitoneum after laparoscopic salpingostomy for ectopic pregnancy. A case report.BACKGROUND: In this era of cost containment, laparoscopic management of ectopic pregnancy has become the mainstay of dealing with this common gynecologic emergency. The aim of surgical intervention remains conservation of the fallopian tube, if possible; salpingectomy is reserved for cases of tubal rupture and/or recurrent ectopic pregnancy, where little hope exists of salvaging tubal function. CASE: A 28-year-old woman, para 2, underwent laparoscopic salpingostomy for ectopic pregnancy. She experienced intraabdominal bleeding within the initial 12 hours of the postoperative period. On exploratory laparotomy, there was active bleeding from the site of the salpingostomy, and a salpingectomy was performed. The patient was lost to follow-up and on postoperative day 21 presented with signs of intraabdominal bleeding; repeat laparotomy revealed active bleeding from trophoblastic implants within the greater omentum. The omentum was adherent to the anterior abdominal wall at the site of umbilical trocar placement. An infracolic omentectomy was performed, with a subsequent uneventful postoperative course; the patient was followed until resolution of the serum beta-hCG. CONCLUSION: Postoperative surveillance is important. Positive intraabdominal pressure during laparoscopic surgery and the Trendelenburg position may be contributory to cephalad migration of trophoblast remnants, with the scavenging action of the omentum and adherence to the site of umbilical trocar placement theoretically providing a mechanism for neovascularization and sustenance of the parasitic trophoblast.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gynecologic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/13. Two episodes of hemoperitoneum from luteal cysts rupture in a patient with congenital factor x deficiency.The clinical manifestation of two episodes of hemoperitoneum from ruptured corpus luteum cysts, during the luteal phase of the cycle in a young patient with the rare congenital factor x deficiency, is reported for the first time in literature. The correct diagnosis of the underlying disorder, the gynecological management and the regular follow-up can minimize the risks of this potentially life-threatening hematological disorder.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gynecologic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/13. laparoscopy in the emergency setting.laparoscopy has been available for 90 years and was actively undertaken by the gynecologists. Today the vast majority of gynecological procedures are performed by this route. Despite the efforts of a few enthusiastic surgeons, the general surgical community did not incorporate laparoscopy into their armamentarium until the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, this endoscopic technique has much to contribute, especially in the setting of emergency care. It is of value in formulating a treatment algorithm and in avoiding unnecessary laparotomy in both blunt and penetrating trauma. laparoscopy helps to define the nature of obscure abdominal diagnoses, avoids unnecessary appendectomy, and provides the window of opportunity for surgery in mesenteric ischemia due to either arterial or venous thrombosis or embolus. It is also of value in patients with pain or fever of unknown origin, displaced gastrostomy or dialysis tubes, and in the rare patient with gastrointestinal bleeding where other diagnostic modalities have been unable to yield the diagnosis. In this article the instrumentation and techniques will be outlined and the role of laparoscopy in each of the above situations will be detailed. As with all surgical procedures, it is vital that the surgeon be well-trained and knowledgeable about the correct use of the technique, its possible pitfalls and how to avoid them, as well as knowing the contraindications.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gynecologic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/13. appendicitis complicated by hemoperitoneum.Differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis in women of childbearing age is a challenge because of the range of gynecologic and obstetric problems with similar manifestations. We report a case of acute appendicitis with the rarely encountered complication of hemoperitoneum in a sexually active 32-year-old woman. The patient presented with right lower quadrant pain and a positive culdocentesis with non-clotting blood. Hemorrhagic corpus luteal cyst was the initial impression. Ruptured appendicitis with abscess formation and complicated hemoperitoneum was diagnosed later with the aid of abdominal computed tomographic scan, and was confirmed during operation. hemoperitoneum may be a complication of appendicitis with abscess formation; a detailed medical history and physical examination are helpful in making the diagnosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gynecologic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/13. Internal hemorrhage caused by a twisted malignant ovarian dysgerminoma: ultrasonographic findings of a rare case and review of the literature.PURPOSE: Ovarian cancer presents as an acute abdomen very rarely. The purpose of the study is the description of a right ovarian malignant dysgerminoma presenting as an abdominal emergency. CASE: A 16-year-old white female presented with acute abdominal pain in the right iliac fossa. On physical examination the abdomen was acute and a mass in the right lower abdomen was palpated. The patient was sexually active and bimanual gynecological examination revealed the presence of a large lobulated solid tumor in the position of the right adnexa. Ultrasound examination showed the presence of a large, multilobulated, heterogeneous, predominantly solid pelvic mass. color flow imaging showed intratumoral flow signals. The uterus and the left ovary had normal size and echo-texture. Fluid was found in the cul-de-sac and in Morisson's space. An immediate exploratory laparotomy exposed the presence of a twisted right ovarian mass and intraperitoneal hemorrhage. A superficial tumoral vessel actively bleeding was seen. Peritoneal fluid was obtained for cytology. The intra-abdominal hemorrhage ceased when the ovarian pedicle was clamped. The patient underwent right salpingo-oophorectomy and biopsy of the omentum. Pathologic analysis revealed a malignant dysgerminoma of the right ovary, expanding to the mesosalpinx. Cytology was positive for malignancy. Postoperative CT scan of the upper and lower abdomen was negative. The patient was assigned to FIGO Stage IIC and referred for platinum-based chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Ovarian malignant dysgerminoma may present as an acute abdomen because of torsion, passive blood congestion, rupture of superficial tumoral vessels and subsequent intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Ovarian dysgerminoma should be part of the differential diagnosis in a young woman with acute surgical abdomen and a solid heterogeneous pelvic mass detected by ultrasonographic scan.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gynecologic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/13. Hemorrhagic corpus luteum mimicking heterotopic pregnancy.Hemorrhagic corpus luteum (CL) is clinically known to simulate a number of medical, surgical and gynecologic conditions that cause acute abdomen. One such case is hereby presented that mimicked ectopic pregnancy clinically and heterotopic pregnancy on ultrasound. laparoscopy was decisive.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gynecologic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/13. Surgical control of pelvic hemorrhage: bilateral hypogastric artery ligation and method of ovarian artery ligation.Hypogastric artery ligation and internal iliac artery ligation are the same procedure. It has been several years since extensive work on this procedure has been reported in the literature. Since this has proved to be a potentially life-saving technique in serious obstetric and pelvic hemorrhage, it is somewhat surprising to find that the procedure is poorly understood. We have reviewed this procedure in depth, emphasizing important aspects and restating indications for its use. We have also included a case presentation in which we recently performed bilateral ligation of the hypogastric arteries and the ovarian arteries to control intractable hemorrhage. Although ovarian artery ligation is often mentioned as an adjunct in controlling pelvic hemorrhage, we believe the technique has never been described in the English language. We present a surgical technique for ligating the ovarian arteries, believing that teaching both bilateral hypogastric artery ligation and ovarian artery ligation should be an integral part of obstetric and gynecologic training.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gynecologic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/13. Autotransfusion in gynecologic hemoperitoneum.The loss of blood associated with acute hemoperitoneum accounts for a significant portion of the mortality in gynecologic practice. This report proposes the salvage of intraperitoneal blood for autotransfusion by a device developed for use in open heart operations. Two cases are presented which exemplify the indications for and limitations of autologous transfusion from hemoperitoneum.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = gynecologic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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