11/3387. Intravesicular formaldehyde instillation and renal complications. Intravesicular formaldehyde has been used for intractable hemorrhagic cystitis since the late 1960's. Initial reports described few complications, but in the 1970's both ureteral as well renal parenchymal damage were reported in the urology literature. This has been less appreciated by nephrologists perhaps related to the paucity of reports in the nephrology literature. Although the pathogenesis has not been rigorously studied ureteral toxicity may be secondary to intense edema, inflammation and subsequent fibrosis induced by the formaldehyde; while renal tubular injury may be secondary to systemic absorption of formaldehyde. Ureteral reflux as well as dosage of intravesicular formaldehyde seem to be risk factors for acute renal failure. We describe a case of acute renal failure secondary to intravesicular formaldehyde and review pathogenesis as well as potential prophylactic measures to prevent this complication. ( info) |
12/3387. life-threatening bleeding in a case of autoantibody-induced factor vii deficiency. A male patient presented with life-threatening bleeding induced by autoantibody-induced factor VII (F.VII) deficiency. This patient had macroscopic hematuria, skin ecchymosis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and a neck hematoma that was causing disturbed respiration. He developed acute renal failure and acute hepatic failure, probably due to obstruction of the ureters and the biliary tract, respectively. Although activated partial thromboplastin time was normal, prothrombin time (PT) was remarkably prolonged at 71.8 seconds compared to 14.0 seconds in a normal control. Both the immunoreactive level of F.VII antigen and the F.VII activity of the patient's plasma samples were < 1.0% of normal. Although an equal part of normal plasma was added to the patient's plasma, PT was not corrected. The patient's plasma inhibited F.VII activity. These findings suggested the presence of a plasma inhibitor for F.VII. After administration of large doses of methylprednisolone, PT was gradually shortened and plasma levels of F.VII increased over time. Bleeding, acute renal failure, and acute hepatic failure improved markedly following the steroid treatment. These observations suggest that life-threatening bleeding can be induced by autoantibody-induced F.VII deficiency and that immunosuppressive therapy using large doses of steroid can be successful in inhibiting the production of the autoantibody. ( info) |
13/3387. Massive pulmonary hemorrhage: a rare complication of heparin therapy. A rare complication, massive pulmonary hemorrhage, occurred in two patients who were receiving heparin for pulmonary thromboembolic disease. The site of pulmonary hemorrhage was not found at autopsy. The occurrence of profuse hemoptysis in both patients prior to anticoagulation suggests that this finding may be of value in predicting the risk of pulmonary hemorrhage in a given patient. ( info) |
14/3387. Detection of retroperitoneal hemorrhage by transesophageal echocardiography during cardiac surgery. PURPOSE: To present a case of massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) which was detected using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). CLINICAL FEATURE: A 50-yr-old man suffering from severe mitral regurgitation (MR) was admitted for mitral valvuloplasty. After the beginning of CPB, the volume in the reservoir was noticed to be gradually decreasing. Although venous cannulation had been properly performed, TEE showed an echo free space around the liver, the spleen and in front of the abdominal aorta showed intraabdominal hemorrhage. After cardiac surgery, emergency laparotomy revealed about 5,000 ml of blood in the retroperitoneal space probably as a result of femoral artery cannulation prior to CPB. hemostasis was achieved, and the patient made complete cardiac and neurological recovery. Retrospective review of the TEE imaging revealed that the kidneys were surrounded by blood bilaterally confirming the diagnosis of retroperitoneal hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: Retroperitoneal hemorrhage during CPB is rare, but may be lethal. Transesophageal echocardiography is a useful monitor not only to evaluate cardiac performance, but also to detect unexpected intraabdominal bleeding during cardiac surgery. ( info) |
15/3387. Pseudoaneurysm of the superficial femoral artery following accidental trauma: result of treatment by percutaneous stent-graft placement. Accidental trauma frequently involves the extremities, and can extend to involve their blood supply, causing exsanguinating hemorrhage and pseudoaneurysm in the involved blood vessel. This is traditionally managed by surgical repair. We report a case in which control of life-threatening hemorrhage and exclusion of a large, post-traumatic pseudoaneurysm in the superficial femoral artery was performed by a commercially available stent-graft, without complication. This treatment method may be a safe and effective alternative to surgery in selected patients. ( info) |
16/3387. Hemorrhagic necrosis due to peliosis hepatis: imaging findings and pathological correlation. peliosis hepatis is an uncommon liver condition characterized by blood-filled cavities. We report the CT, angiographic and MR features of a case of peliosis hepatis with no obvious etiology and spontaneously regressing hemorrhagic necrosis. Helical CT showed multiple peripheral low-density regions with foci of spontaneous high density suggesting the presence of blood component. On MR imaging, the multiple peripheral lesions were hypointense on T1-weighted and hyperdense on T2-weighted images, with bright foci on all sequences suggesting subacute blood. angiography showed no evidence of tumor or vascular malformation; multiple nodular vascular lesions filling in the parenchymal phase and persisting in the venous phase suggested blood-filled cavities. Pathological examination showed blood-filled spaces with no endothelial lining, characteristic of the parenchymal type of peliosis. knowledge of the imaging features of hemorrhagic necrosis due to peliosis hepatis is important since it can be responsive to antibiotic therapy. Furthermore, differentiating hemorrhagic necrosis from hepatic abscess avoids dangerous and sometimes fatal percutaneous drainage. ( info) |
17/3387. Massive pulmonary haemorrhage caused by leptospirosis successfully treated with nitric oxide inhalation and haemofiltration. A patient with leptospirosis who developed oliguric renal failure, massive pulmonary haemorrhage and respiratory failure is described. The patient's clinical condition and arterial oxygenation failed to improve despite vigorous supportive measures. nitric oxide inhalation and haemofiltration resulted in a marked clinical improvement and subsequent full recovery. We suggest that the addition of haemofiltration and nitric oxide inhalation therapy should be considered in patients with pulmonary haemorrhage and renal failure caused by leptospirosis, in whom conventional therapy fails. ( info) |
18/3387. Typical presentation of intramural aortic haemorrhage (IAH) with evidence of intimal tear at MRI and angiography. A typical appearance of IAH was evidenced by CT and TEE in a 56-year-old hypertensive female suspected of developping classical acute aortic dissection (AAD). Further examination with MRI and aortography showed unequivocally the presence of an intimal tear in the aortic arch. This coexistence of intimal tear has never been evidenced preoperatively in patients with IAH. This observation demonstrates at the outset that IAH is part of the spectrum of AAD. ( info) |
19/3387. Recovery of both acute massive pulmonary hemorrhage and acute renal failure in a systemic lupus erythematosus patient with lupus anticoagulant by the combined therapy of plasmapheresis plus cyclophosphamide. Acute massive pulmonary hemorrhage (AMPH) is a rare and highly fatal complication in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We report here survival in a case of AMPH in a SLE patient with both rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and lupus anticoagulant. The AMPH occurred while the nephritis was refractory to 2 courses of pulse methylprednisolone therapy. After combined therapy with plasmapheresis plus cyclophosphamide, circulating immune complex levels declined, AMPH recovered, and serum creatinine levels returned to normal. In conclusion, the combined therapy of plasmapheresis plus cyclophosphamide should be considered for treating AMPH especially in those SLE patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. ( info) |
| Cutaneous endometriosis is a well known but rare phenomenon. We present a case of spontaneous umbilical endometriosis. The patient revealed a polypoid, brown-blue nodule within the umbilical depression with the typical history of monthly bleeding from the umbilicus. The differential diagnoses are summarized. ( info) |