1/45. The first case of 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria in japan.We report a boy with 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria resulting from a deficiency of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH). A boy, 1 year 5 months, showed delayed walk with hypotonia and could not speak meaningful words. The blood levels of lactate, pyruvate and amino acids were not elevated. head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroenchephalography (EEG) were normal. Urinary organic acid analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) revealed increased levels of 4-hydroxybutyric acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid and suberic acid. The concentrations of 4-hydroxybutyric acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were elevated in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). SSADH activity in cultured lymphoblasts was 4.5% of the normal level. So far as we know this is the first Japanese patient diagnosed as 4-hydroxybutyric acid. Urinary organic acid analysis is necessary for the diagnosis of patients with unexplained psychomotor retardation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = motor (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/45. A behavioral-educational alternative to drug control of hyperactive children.A behavioral procedure for controlling hyperactivity without inhibiting academic performance is described. Using a time-sample observational method, the hyperactivity displayed by three school children was recorded during math and reading classes. Concurrently, math and reading performances were measured. The study consisted of two baselines, one while the children were on medication and the second while they were off medication. A multiple-baseline design across the two academic subject matters was used to assess the behavioral intervention, which consisted of token reinforcement for correct academic responses in math and subsequently math and reading. Discontinuation of medication resulted in a gross increase in hyperactivity from 20% to about 80%, and a slight increase in math and reading performance. Introduction of a behavioral program for academic performance, during no medication, controlled the children's hyperactivity at a level comparable to that when they were on drugs (about 20%). At the same time, math and reading performance for the group jumped from about 12% during baseline to a level of over 85% correct. Each child performed behaviorally and academically in an optimal manner without medication. Contingency management techniques provided a feasible alternative to medication for controlling hyperactivity in the classroom while enabling the children to grow academically.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 67385.456072454keywords = hyperactivity (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/45. Malignant McLeod myopathy.Mild myopathy is a common manifestation of the X-linked McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome. We present a patient with McLeod syndrome and a primarily subclinical myopathy, who developed severe rhabdomyolysis with renal insufficiency after a prolonged period of excessive motor restlessness due to an agitated psychotic state and a single dose of clozapine. Other possible causes for rhabdomyolysis such as prolonged immobility, trauma, hyperthermia, generalized seizures, toxin exposure, or metabolic changes were excluded. Clinical course was favorable, with persistent slight elevation of serum creatine kinase levels caused by the underlying myopathy. Our findings suggest that McLeod myopathy is a predisposing factor for severe rhabdomyolysis. This possibly life-threatening condition should be added to the clinical spectrum of McLeod syndrome, and serum creatine kinase levels should be carefully monitored in patients with this syndrome, particularly if a hyperkinetic movement disorder is present or neuroleptic medication is used.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = motor (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/45. X-linked nonspecific mental retardation. Report of a large kindred.A seven-generation pedigree of apparent X-linked, nonspecific mental retardation is reported. There are 19 known affected males who appear to have received the gene through normal mothers. Retardation, lack of fine motor coordination, hyperactivity and a speech defect are the characteristics of affected individuals studied.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 13478.091214491keywords = hyperactivity, motor (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/45. Embryonic mania.It has been previously hypothesized that hyperactivity may be one childhood form of manic-depressive disorder. The authors contend that it is unlikely that hyperactivity in general is a childhood form of manic-depressive disorder. However, included in those considered to be hyperactive may be youngsters exhibiting an embryonic form of mania. A case of a 5-year-old boy, originally thought to be hyperactive, is presented as evidence for the existence of an embryonic stage of mania. The clinical and research necessity for differentiating between hyperactivity and embryonic mania is stressed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 40431.273643472keywords = hyperactivity (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/45. thyroxine-induced hypermotor seizure.thyroxine-induced epilepsy is a very rare condition occurring in epileptic patients. Here we report a boy with thyroxine-induced hypermotor seizure (HMS) following thyroxine administration for his central hypothyroidism secondary to surgery and cranial radiation for his brain tumor. After 3 years seizure-free period, he had repeated HMS, seven to eight attacks per day, after initiation L-thyroxine treatment. Following reduction of the daily thyroxine dose, his seizures decreased in frequency. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of HMS associated with L-thyroxine administration.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = motor (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/45. Hyperactivity in anorexia nervosa: a case study using experience sampling methodology.Hyperactivity is frequently observed in eating disorders, and several biopsychological mechanisms have been proposed to explain its pathogenetic role. In view of the lack of a reliable method to study hyperactive behavior, we did an experiment with experience sampling methodology (ESM). During 1 week, an anorexia nervosa (AN) patient was asked at nine random times a day to report her momentary tendency to be physically active, her emotions and several other variables including calorie expenditure, drive for thinness, attractiveness, obsessions, compulsions, and attitudes towards hyperactivity. Results indicate that the patient's tendency to be hyperactive was (a) positively related to her weight preoccupation and her negative emotions, and (b) negatively related to her positive emotions and the absence of depression. In this patient, obsessions and compulsions were not related to hyperactivity. The usefulness of ESM for studying the role of hyperactivity in AN is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 40431.273643472keywords = hyperactivity (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/45. Unusual compulsive motor activity during treatment with clothiapine in a mentally retarded adolescent.Atypical antipsychotic agents, specifically those with a high hyposerotonergic activity such as clozapine and clothiapine, have been associated with de novo obsessive-compulsive symptoms. We report the case of a 16-year-old adolescent male with severe mental impairment and disruptive behaviour who developed a compulsive head and body turning disorder on clothiapine. Such a symptom had to be distinguished from epileptic partial seizures; it promptly disappeared with the drug discontinuation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = motor (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/45. An association of ephedra use with psychosis and autonomic hyperactivity.ephedra extract is used in a number of dietary supplements taken for a variety of purposes including weight loss. Although recent events have led to calls for ephedra to be removed from the market and the FDA has had over 18,000 adverse event reports, newspaper reports cite only a few instances of clearly associated adverse events associated with ephedra use. In this communication, we review the literature and present a case report of ephedra use associated with the onset of psychosis and autonomic hyperactivity after administration of risperidone. We conclude that the behavioral effects of ephedra are a public health concern.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 67385.456072454keywords = hyperactivity (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/45. clozapine withdrawal catatonia associated with cholinergic and serotonergic rebound hyperactivity: a case report.catatonia as a clozapine withdrawal syndrome has not been well documented. There is only 1 case of excited catatonia described with the diagnosis made according to strict criteria. The authors report a patient who developed a catatonic stuporous state following abrupt discontinuation of clozapine, associated with features of cholinergic and serotonergic hyperactivity. The catatonic state resolved within 1 week with reinstatement of clozapine. It is suggested that serotonergic hyperactivity was involved, contributed by cholinergic rebound, in the pathogenesis of this patient's clozapine withdrawal catatonic syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 80862.547286945keywords = hyperactivity (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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