1/176. Epidermal naevus syndrome and hypophosphataemic rickets: description of a patient with central nervous system anomalies and review of the literature. The epidermal naevus syndrome (ENS) is a rare dermatological condition consisting of congenital epidermal nevi associated with anomalies in the central nervous system, bones, eyes, hear or genito-urinary system. We report a new case of ENS associated with hypophosphataemic rickets. The girl was born with a mixed-type epidermal naevus and skeletal anomalies. Hypophosphataemic rickets was diagnosed at the age of 2.5 years. At 14 years of age. MRI of the head demonstrated right brain hypotrophy, a left temporal arachnoid cyst and asymmetric lateral ventricles. We reviewed the literature and found 13 reported cases of ENS associated with hypophosphataemic rickets. Conclusion We report a further patient with epidermal naevus syndrome and hypophosphataemic rickets, followed from birth to the age of 15 years, who had structural central nervous system anomalies with normal intellectual functioning. A comprehensive neurological work up is recommended in patients with epidermal naevus syndrome. ( info) |
2/176. Implant placement and guided tissue regeneration in a patient with congenital vitamin D-resistant rickets. There continues to be increased expansion of implant services corresponding to the public's increased awareness of implant-borne prostheses as a regular part of treatment planning. This rise in public awareness as practitioners expand their skills will lead to the consideration of an implant option for growing groups of patients whose medical histories may have previously contraindicated implantology. This presentation is one such case. ( info) |
| Oncogenic osteomalacia is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by hypophosphatemic osteomalacia due to renal phosphate wasting. The same biochemical features are found in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia and sporadic hypophosphatemic osteomalacia with unknown etiology. Oncogenic osteomalacia is cured by resection of the responsible tumor. In contrast, patients with other types of hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia need long-term treatment with large doses of active vitamin D3. Therefore, detection of the responsible tumor for oncogenic osteomalacia has great clinical importance. However, there is no standard method for detecting the tumor for oncogenic osteomalacia, and the responsible tumor is often very difficult to be found. We describe a patient with adult-onset osteomalacia due to renal phosphate wasting. Although oncogenic osteomalacia was suspected, cranial, chest, and abdominal computed tomography scanning, urological and otolaryngological examinations, and detailed palpation for soft tissue mass failed to detect the responsible tumor. However, magnetic resonance imaging skeletal survey revealed a tumor in the right femoral bone. Resection of the tumor resulted in normalization of serum phosphate and renal phosphate handling. Because the most frequent causes for oncogenic osteomalacia are tumors in bone or soft tissue, magnetic resonance imaging skeletal survey is a very powerful method for detecting the responsible tumor. Vigorous search for tumors with this method in patients with hypophosphatemic osteomalacia would be helpful not only for proper management of patients, but also for clarifying the identity of sporadic hypophosphatemic osteomalacia. ( info) |
4/176. Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor-induced rickets. We describe two prepubertal girls with oncogenic rickets. The first patient, 9 years of age, presented with recent-onset lower-extremity pain. The second girl, presented at 4 years of age following a 9-month period of muscle weakness, bone pain, and poor linear growth. Laboratory analyses in both patients revealed hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphaturia; elevated circulating alkaline phosphatase activity was present in one of them. Radiographic evidence of a generalized rachitic process was evident in both cases. Computerized tomography of the paranasal sinuses and facial bones in patient 1 revealed a small lesion eroding through the inner table of the left mandibular ramus. Microscopic examination of this mass revealed a spindle cell neoplasm with chondroid material, dystrophic calcification, and both osteoclast-like and fibroblast-like cells. Prominent vascularity and marked atypia were present. These features are consistent with a phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor of the mixed connective tissue variant. In the second patient, computerized tomography revealed a lytic lesion located in the right proximal tibia, with histologic features consistent with a phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor of the nonossifying fibroma-like variant. Resection of each tumor resulted in rapid correction of the phosphaturia and healing of the rachitic abnormalities. A careful search for small or occult tumors should be carried out in cases of acquired phosphaturic rickets. ( info) |
5/176. Hereditary hypophosphataemic rickets: report of a family from the Indian subcontinent. Nutritional deficiency continues to be an important cause of rickets in the underdeveloped and developing parts of the world. In the western hemisphere, predominantly non-nutritional forms of rickets and osteomalacia are now seen. In this report we discuss a family with X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets from the Kashmir region of the Indian subcontinent (which is an uncommon entity here). ( info) |
6/176. Brown tumour as a complication of secondary hyperparathyroidism in severe long-lasting vitamin d deficiency rickets. Brown tumour is a localised form of fibrous-cystic osteitis associated with primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. Despite the fact that secondary hyperparathyroidism occurs in vitamin d deficiency rickets, no cases of rickets with brown tumour have so far been described. We present a 2.9-year-old girl who had brown tumour of the mandible due to severe vitamin d deficiency rickets. Treatment with vitamin D3 corrected the hyperparathyroidism rapidly which was followed by gradual regression in tumour size. CONCLUSION: Brown tumour can develop in severe, long-standing vitamin d deficiency rickets and responds to vitamin D treatment. ( info) |
7/176. Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia demonstrated by Tc-99m MDP bone scan: a case report. Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia, a familial or rarely acquired disorder, is characterized biochemically by hypophosphatemia, decreased renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate, decreased intestinal absorption of calcium, and normal serum calcium. This report concerns a rare case of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia of unknown cause that was shown on Tc-99m MDP bone scanning. ( info) |
8/176. McCune Albright syndrome and hypophosphatemic rickets. A 4 year-old girl had coxa vara, tibial bowing and hyperpigmented macules. The x-ray showed polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and evidence of rickets. Biochemical investigations confirmed hyperphosphaturic hypophosphatemic rickets. The literature has been reviewed. ( info) |
9/176. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets. We report a case of tertiary hyperparathyroidism in an X-linked familial hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) patient under regular calcitriol and self-adjusted large doses of oral phosphate salt (2.4-3.6 g/day in 4-5 divided doses) according to his serum phosphate level. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is an unusual complication of XLH patients during treatment. As there is growing evidence that a high phosphate diet may induce hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands, it is important to avoid the stimulation of the parathyroid glands by high doses of phosphate administration in XLH patients. serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and also parathyroid hormone should be measured regularly in order to facilitate an early diagnosis of secondary hyperparathyroidism during the treatment of XLH patients, since this stage is reversible with calcitriol and reduced doses of phosphate salt. ( info) |
10/176. Renal fanconi syndrome: first sign of partial respiratory chain complex IV deficiency. A 2-year-old boy who developed hypophosphatemic rickets without signs of muscular weakness or neurological disturbances is presented. Biochemical findings included hypophosphatemia, metabolic acidosis, hypouricemia, hyperphosphaturia, severe glucosuria, generalized hyperaminoaciduria, hypercalciuria, proteinuria with elevated excretion of IgG, transferrin, albumin and high levels of alpha-1-microglobulin. urine concentration capacity and creatinine clearance were normal. Lactaturia without elevated levels of plasma lactate and a high urinary excretion of beta-hydroxybutyrate were suggestive for mitochondriopathy. Partial deficiency of cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV of the respiratory chain) was found in skeletal muscle. A renal biopsy specimen demonstrated enlarged mitochondria with abnormal arborization and disorientation of the cristae in the proximal tubular cells. Reduced activity of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase in tubular cells could be demonstrated by ultracytochemistry. In conclusion, rickets due to the renal fanconi syndrome can be the first clinical sign of mitochondrial cytopathies without extra-renal symptoms. Elevated excretion of lactate and ketone bodies in urine may serve as a diagnostic marker. ( info) |