1/34. Large empty sella with an intrasellar herniation of an elongated third ventricle. Case report.A 73-year-old female presented with a large empty sella with herniation of an elongated third ventricle concomitant with herniation of the surrounding subarachnoid space into the sella, manifesting as visual impairment and amenorrhea without galactorrhea. magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography cisternography clearly showed the large empty sella, without evidence of either hydrocephalus or benign intracranial hypertension, which is extremely rare.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = amenorrhea (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/34. Secondary amenorrhea and infertility caused by an inhibin-B-producing ovarian fibrothecoma.OBJECTIVE: To report a case of secondary amenorrhea and infertility caused by an inhibin-B-producing ovarian fibrothecoma. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Academic medical center. PATIENT: A 37-year-old woman with a 2-year history of secondary amenorrhea and infertility. INTERVENTION(S): Operative removal of a 5-cm ovarian fibrothecoma. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): luteinizing hormone, FSH, E2, inhibin-B, TSH, and prolactin measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Immunostaining of tumor cells for inhibin and LH. RESULT(S): Preoperative hormone levels were as follows: FSH, 1.7 mIU/mL; LH, 23.4 mIU/mL; E2, 31 pg/mL; and inhibin B, 1,154 pg/mL. Three weeks postoperatively, the FSH was 1.5 mIU/mL, LH decreased to 7.1 mIU/mL, E2 increased to 276 pg/mL, and inhibin-B decreased to 17 pg/mL. The fibrothecoma did not stain for LH but was strongly positive for inhibin. Regular menstrual cycles resumed 28 days postoperatively. CONCLUSION(S): Inhibin-B produced by an ovarian tumor profoundly suppressed FSH levels and resulted in secondary amenorrhea and infertility. Use of sensitive and specific immunoassays for inhibin-A and -B may aid in the differential diagnosis of hormonally active ovarian tumors.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = amenorrhea (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/34. Induction of endometrial cycles and ovulation in a woman with combined 17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency due to compound heterozygous mutations on the p45017alpha gene.OBJECTIVE: To describe the case of a Japanese woman with combined 17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency (congenital adrenal hyperplasia type V) and to discuss possible therapeutic procedures in such patients. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENT(s): A 26-year-old woman with secondary amenorrhea and primary sterility. INTERVENTION(s): Nucleotide sequencing of the P45017alpha gene (CYP17), induction of endometrial maturation with steroid hormone replacement, and ovulation induction with gonadotropin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(s): Nucleotide sequence of CYP17, endometrial thickness and follicle diameter measured by transvaginal ultrasonography, and histologic evaluation of the endometrium. RESULT(s): Two different mutations were detected on CYP17: One was a deletion of the phenylalanine codon (TTC) at either amino acid 53 or 54 in exon 1, and the other was a missense mutation with the substitution of histidine (CAC) by leucine (CTC) at position 373 in exon 6. Repeated histologic evaluations performed during treatment with P consistently revealed an unripe endometrium with glands of the early secretory phase and markedly scanty stroma. Ultrasound examination revealed follicular growth and ovulation after gonadotropin administration, but insufficient thickness of the endometrium. CONCLUSION(s): ovulation induction was possible in this patient with 17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency, but the endometrial response to steroid hormone replacement was extremely poor.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = amenorrhea (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/34. polycystic ovary syndrome, infertility, familial thrombophilia, familial hypofibrinolysis, recurrent loss of in vitro fertilized embryos, and miscarriage.OBJECTIVE: To study reversible determinants of infertility and recurrent loss of transferred embryos after failure of 7 of 10 embryo transfers, 1 live birth, and 2 miscarriages. DESIGN: Measures of thrombophilia, hypofibrinolysis, reproductive hormones, and androgenic steroids before and after metformin therapy. SETTING: Outpatient clinical research center. PATIENT(S): A 32-year-old amenorrheic, infertile woman with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who had 7 of 10 embryo transfers fail, 1 premature live birth, and 2 miscarriages at 8 and 17 weeks. INTERVENTION(S): metformin (2.55 g/d) was given to ameliorate the endocrinopathy of PCOS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Coagulation, insulin, reproductive hormones, and androgenic steroids. RESULT(S): The propositus had thrombophilia (familial protein s deficiency [free protein S 32%; normal >/=65%]). She also had familial hypofibrinolysis with 4G4G polymorphism of the plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) gene and high PAI-1 activity (PAI-Fx), 42.5 U/mL, normal <21.1. polycystic ovary syndrome was characterized by amenorrhea, polycystic ovaries, high fasting serum insulin (39 microU/mL, normal <20), androstenedione (763 ng/dL, normal <250), and testosterone (229 ng/dL, normal <83). After she received metformin for 4 months, PAI-Fx normalized (12.4 U/mL), as did insulin (12 microU/mL), androstenedione (185 ng/dL), and testosterone (39 ng/dL); weight fell from 109 to 91.3 kg (16%). CONCLUSION(S): metformin reversed the endocrinopathy of PCOS. Familial thrombophilia and hypofibrinolysis may lead to thrombosis-mediated uteroplacental vascular insufficiency, failure to achieve pregnancy after embryo transfer, and miscarriage.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = amenorrhea (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/34. Laparoscopic management of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors of the ovary. A report of two cases.BACKGROUND: sertoli-leydig cell tumor is a rare ovarian tumor with an incidence of < .5% of all ovarian tumors. laparotomy is the standard approach to these cases. CASES: Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors were diagnosed in two young, nulliparous, infertile women. Both presented with secondary amenorrhea. Virilization was found in one. Their testosterone levels were high, and sonography revealed a solid, echogenic mass in the fornix. Laparoscopic removal was performed. Both women achieved normal menstruation one month after the operation, and one became pregnant and gave birth to a healthy infant. CONCLUSION: There are very few case reports of laparoscopic removal of such tumors. Laparoscopic surgery, which is minimally invasive and cosmetically acceptable and has a speedy recovery, should be the approach of choice for these patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = amenorrhea (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/34. ovulation induction with pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or gonadotropins in a case of hypothalamic amenorrhea and diabetes insipidus.Hypothalamic amenorrhea is a treatable cause of infertility. Our patient was presented with secondary amenorrhea and diabetes insipidus. Cortisol and prolactin responded normally to a combined insulin tolerance test (ITT) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) challenge, while thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) response to TRH was diminished, and no response of growth hormone to ITT was detected. Both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels increased following gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) challenge. No response of LH to clomiphene citrate challenge was detected. magnetic resonance imaging findings demonstrated a midline mass occupying the inferior hypothalamus, with posterior lobe not visible and thickened pituitary stalk. ovulation induction was carried out first with combined human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG/LH/FSH) (150 IU/day) and afterwards with pulsatile GnRH (150 ng/kg/pulse). Ovulation was achieved with both pulsatile GnRH and combine gonadotropin therapy. Slightly better results were achieved with the pulsatile GnRH treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = amenorrhea (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/34. Twin pregnancy using recombinant gonadotropins in a woman with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.In women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are required to induce optimal follicular growth and steroidogenesis. The development of molecular genetic technology has led to the availability of recombinant FSH and LH for the induction of follicular growth and ovulation. We describe a first case of a twin pregnancy in a 36-year-old patient presenting with primary hypogonadotropic amenorrhea and empty sella syndrome and treated with recombinant FSH and LH. This therapy led to the maturation of two follicles, both of which were fertilized. A twin pregnancy ensued and two normal infants were delivered.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = amenorrhea (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/34. Successful pregnancy after transient ovarian failure following treatment of symptomatic leiomyomata.OBJECTIVE: To report a case of transient ovarian failure after treatment of symptomatic leiomyomata and review other iatrogenic causes of transient ovarian failure. DESIGN: Case report and literature review. SETTING: University-affiliated private practice. PATIENT(S): A 35-year-old woman with symptomatic leiomyomata. INTERVENTION(S): Bilateral uterine artery embolization with subsequent abdominal myomectomy to treat unchanged regular heavy menstrual flow. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Ovarian function. RESULT(S): Because medical therapy failed to control her menorrhagia, the patient proceeded with uterine artery embolization. She had persistent menorrhagia after bilateral uterine artery embolization and underwent exploratory laparotomy and myomectomy. After surgery, she had amenorrhea, hot flushes, and elevated FSH levels for 3 months. Ovarian function recovered after a short course of oral contraceptives, and the patient conceived without assistance. CONCLUSION(S): Several interventions can affect normal ovarian function and can lead to permanent or transient ovarian failure. Possible causes of transient ovarian failure are radioactive iodine treatment, radiation, chemotherapy, pelvic surgery, stress, and uterine artery embolization. Before these interventions are applied, the possibility of ovarian failure and available preventive measures should be discussed with the patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = amenorrhea (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/34. The gonadotropin-resistant ovary syndrome in association with secondary amenorrhea.A young patient with secondary amenorrhea and primary infertility is described. After a gynecological-endocrinological exploration including laparoscopy, the diagnosis indicates secondary hypergonadotropic, hypo-estrogenic normo-androgenic amenorrhea. The anatomopathological examination of an ovarian biopsy revealed an intact follicular apparatus, thus disproving the suspected diagnosis of climacterium praecox. Since very high gonadotropin doses could not induce an ovulation, it was concluded that the rare combination of secondary amenorrhea and the gonadotropin-resistant ovary syndrome must be present. The pathogenesis of this syndrome is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = amenorrhea (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/34. pregnancy and delivery after stimulation with rFSH of a galatosemia patient suffering hypergonadotropic hypogonadism: case report.PURPOSE: To determine if hypergonadotropic hypogonadism related to galactosemia could be linked to anomaly of the circulating FSH. A 26-year-old woman, suffering GALT (Galactoso-1-phosphate uridyltransferase) had a premature ovarian failure with amenorrhea since the age of 19. The circulating level for FSH was 83 and 34 mU/mL for LH. methods: After treatment with a hormonal substitution cycle including estradiol and progesterone, the patient underwent stimulations with recombinant FSH. The first cycle, one 16-mm diameter follicle and the second cycle one follicle of 17.5 mm of diameter were obtained at the time of ovulation induction. RESULTS: The patient conceived and delivered a female baby weighting 3.38 kg after the second stimulation protocol. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of galactosemia on the ovary seems rather related to the absence of recognition of circulating FSH by its receptor and not to a toxic alteration of the ovary by itself as it is currently reported. The rFSH treatment following hormonal substitution cycles allows to overcome infertility problems.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = amenorrhea (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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